Bioacoustics of Adelosgryllus lucifugus

Description, male holotype . General Coloration. Body dark brown with orange head ( in vivo ) (head pale yellow after fixation in ethanol 70%) ( Figs 8–15 ); Head. slightly pubescent and with long bristles between scapes ( Fig. 8 ), few of them are present around the eyes and at the posterior margin and occiput of the head (apparently many were lost after fixation), occiput region is slightly darkened behind the eyes ( Fig. 9 ); Eyes. compound eyes with black ommatidia rounded by a margin of depigmented ommatidia, and a superior region more depigmented near the scape insertion ( Fig. 9 ); vestigial ocelli ( Fig. 8 ); Mouthparts. clypeus and labrum whitish, mandibles dark outlined ( Figs 8 and 9 ); maxillary and labial palps lightly darkened between articulations, with distal region outlined in white (maxillary palp) and whitish (labial palp) ( Figs 8 and 9 ); maxillary palp slightly pubescent, elongated, with five articulations; the first and second palpomeres of same size and shorter than the others; the third and fourth of same sized and bigger than the first two; fifth palpomere is longer than the third and fourth, claviform, dilated in distal portion ( Figs 8 and 9 ); labial palps with three articulations of increasing size, third palpomere claviform ( Figs 8 and 9 ); Antennae. scape pubescent, whitish brown coloration, oval shaped and dilated, with long bristles on interior distal portion; pedicel whitish black, narrow, cylindrical and slightly compressed on median portion; antennomeres lightly pubescent, twice shorter than the pedicel; antennomeres with darkened base, distal region slightly whitish, darkened flagel with a median white band. Thorax. pronotum pubescent, darkened brown, marked with a vertical median white stripe; dorsal disc wider than long, lateral lobe rounded, with long bristles at the posterior margin ( Fig. 10 ). Legs. Leg I: femur whitish at the proximal part becoming darkened distally; tibia darkened and with two subequal apical spurs, oval tympanum present at the internal proximal face; first tarsomere twice bigger than the second and third together, second tarsomere with one quarter of the third tarsomere length, all tarsomeres darkened between the articulations ( Fig. 18 ). Leg II: similar to leg I, with tibial apical spurs longer than in leg I, tympanum absent. Leg III: similar to leg I and II, however, the femur is developed, proximal and median region whitish, with reddish-brown coloration at the articulation between femur and tibia, with black spots at basilateral inner and outer regions, distal portion darkened; tibia darkened, with three inner (S.S. Int., Fig. 17 ) and three outer subapical spurs (S.S. Ext., Fig. 16 ), and four inner (d, e, f and g, Fig. 17 ) and three outer apical spurs (a, b and c, Fig. 16 ), first tarsomere developed with two apical spurs, the inner slightly bigger than the outer ( Figs 16 and 17 ), tarsomeres II and III broken. Right tegmen. Darkened brown, covering the first four abdominal tergites ( Fig. 11 ). Lateral field (in lateral view) with a diagonal vein ( DV ) poorly marked in its distal portion and with two little ramifications at the lateral margin of the wing extending parallelly to the subcostal vein ( Sc ) reaching one-third of the length of the lateral field; subcostal ( Sc ), radial ( R ) and medial ( M ) veins parallelly distributed in the lateral field; Sc with a ramification well marked at the lateral margin with a cross-vein well marked connecting with R at the middle of the wing; R with a small cell undeveloped right after the cross-vein with Sc , two little reticulated veins poorly marked can be observed at subapical region; between the parallel veins M and R can be seen some cross-vein poorly marked (four or more); Field (in ventral view, Fig. 19 ): anal area, chordal area, harp area and the mirror area well developed; anal region with veins anal 1 ( 1A ), anal 2 ( 2A ) and anal 3 ( 3A ) poorly demarked; chordal area with veins 1A , 2A poorly marked and cubital 2 ( Cu2 ) well marked; Cu2* modified in stridulatory file; harp with a median-longitudinal vein ( L ), and three crossed veins ( Hcv ), two connecting Cu2 to Cu1 towards the lateral field, and one connecting Cu2 to Cu1 at the dorsal proximal portion, forming five cells well marked, the cell above the mirror presents five reticular veins; mirror triangular oval, with a crossed vein ( Mcv ) well marked at the center and one poorly marked vein at distal region, forming three cells, proximal cell with four reticular veins; stridulatory file with 100 teeth. Abdomen. tergites pubescent, darkened brown ( Figs 14 and 11 ); sternites pubescent, slightly whiter than the tergites ( Fig. 11 ); subgenital plate darkened, pubescent, quadrangular shape, distal and lateral margins with long bristles, distal central region with a slightly indentation ( Fig. 13 ); supra-anal plate slightly whitish comparing to the subgenital plate, pubescent, trapezoidal shaped, with small lateral projections, rounded by two white spots at latero-median portion from structure, distal portion rounded and with long bristles ( Fig. 15 ); cerci reddish-brown and whitish at the base, subapical region slightly darkened ( Fig. 14 ). Observations in Paratypes . Male phallic sclerites ( paratype ISLA 66144, Figs 2–6 ) Pseudepiphallus: median projection curved inward, lobular shape, slightly acuminated at the base, slightly sclerotized ( Ps.M.Pr , Figs 2, 4 and 6); pseudepiphallic median lophy claviform and thin (compared with A. similis and A. cruscastaneus ), acuminated apex with bristles and flattened, (Ps.m.l, Figs 3, 4 and 6 ); Paramere 1 well developed, C-shaped (very similar A. spurius ) apex dilated and curved inward (Ps.P1.p, Figs 2–5 ); Paramere 2 connected to Paramere 1 by membranous tissue, little protruding and escrerotized in this specie (Ps.P2, Figs 4 and 5 ); Rami less elongated and sclerotized (compared to A. rubricephalus , A. similis , A. cruscastaneus , A. parasimilis ), dilated, curved inside and triangular shaped at the tip (R, Figs 3, 4 and 6 ). Ectophallic invagination : ectophallic sclerite H-shaped shortened (similar to A. spurius ) ( Figs 2 and 3 ), with a apodeme in the distal region (Ec.Ap) weakly sclerotized and slightly dilated to the outer edge of the sclerite ( Figs 2 and 3 ) apex of posterior projections quadrangular-shaped in ventral view, dilated and weakly sclerotized, connected to the pseudepiphallic paramere 1 by membranous tissue (Ec.Pr, Figs 2–4 and 6 ); ectophallic arc slightly longer as wider (Ec.Arc, Figs 2 and 3 ); ectophallic fold sclerotized, linear-shaped, with the lateral border more sclerotized than that interior base, central part slightly convex at the top and bottom borders (Ec. F, Fig. 3 ). Endophallus : circular-shaped and vertically elongated, with a short ventral crest (End.Sc), connected to the ectophallic fold by an inverted U-shaped membrane (End.Sc, Fig. 3 ). Female ( Figs 27–33 , ISLA 66148) Body color similar to holotype ( Fig. 27 ), body size bigger than the holotype ( 13.797 mm ); small wings triangular-shaped ( Fig. 27 ); supranal plate more whitish than tergites, trapezoidal-shaped elongated, with small lateral projections, surrounded by two white spots on the latero-median region, apex rounded and with long bristles ( Figs 28 and 29 ); subgenital plate dark, short, V-shaped, apex with a slight concavity ( Fig. 28 ); ovipositor thin and elongated ( 5.917 mm ), proportional to tibia III size, sword format at apex ( Figs 31–33 ). Copulatory Papilla: well sclerotized, circular-shaped, with a large membranous opening area, reaching 2/3 of the structure in dorsal view ( Fig. 7a ); lateral face sclerotized in all its extension ( Fig. 7a, 7b and 7c ), apex slightly concave, with a ventral indentation followed by a less sclerotized region (in white), base with a membranous opening of triangular shape in ventral view ( Fig. 7c ).