Bioacoustics of Zyras (Zyras) bettotanus

Comment : The original description of Z. bettotanus is based on a unique holotype from “ North Borneo ; Bettotan” ( CAMERON 1930 ). HLAVÁČ et al. (2011) list the species as incertae sedis, but PACE (2008) assigned it to Zyras sensu strictu in a key to the Zyras species of Borneo. CAMERON (1939b) described Z. drescheri based on an unspecified number of syntypes from “Batoerraden: G. Slamat”, “Bandoeng Dago”, and “G. Tangkoeban Prahoe”. Two of the syntypes , a male and a female, were found in the Cameron collection at the BMNH. The male is designated as the lectotype . Zyras atrapicalis was recently described based on material from the Chinese province Yunnan. An exmination of the type material of all three names revealed that it is conspecific, so that Z. drescheri and Z. atrapicalis are placed in synonymy with Z. bettotanus . For a detailed description and illustrations see ASSING (2016a) . The coloration of this species is remarkably variable. While the head and pronotum are usually blackish in material from most regions, some specimens from Java have the head and pronotum reddish, or the head reddish and the pronotum brown. Additional material examined : Thailand : 3 exs. , Tak province , Umphang district , Song Bae Stream , Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuary , 15°28'N , 98°48'E , 300 m , evergreen rain forest, 18–27.IV.1988 , leg. Brendell ( BMNH ) ; 11 exs. , Tak province , Umphang district , Mae Chan – Mae Klong confluence,, Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuary , 15°30'N , 98°48'E , 300 m , evergreen rain forest, 27.IV.–6.V.1988 , leg. Brendell ( BMNH , cAss) ; 1 ex. , Tak province , Umphang district , Mae Chan – Mae Klong confluence, Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuary , 15°30'N , 98°48'E , 300 m , edge of Karen clearing, 27.IV.–6.V.1988 , leg. Brendell (cAss) . Malaysia : 1 ♀, Cameron Highlands , 22–30.III.1984 , leg. Rougemont (cRou) ; 7 exs. , Selangor , Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre , 250 m , flight interception trap , III.2004 , leg. Maruyama et al. (cHla, cMar, cAss) ; 8 exs. , Borneo , Sabah , Sandakan , S Lokan , flight interception trap , III.1997 , leg. Chung ( BMNH , cAss) ; 1 ex. , same data, but IX.1996 (cAss) ; 4 exs. , Sabah , Sandakan , Sepilok , flight interception trap , X.1996 , leg. Chung ( BMNH , cAss) ; 2 exs. , Sabah , Danum valley , B.R. L., flight interception trap , 14–16.II.2007 , leg. Rougemont (cRou) . Indonesia : 2 ♂♂, 3♀♀, Jawa Barat , Bogor , Kebun Raya Bogor , 250 m , flight interception trap , 20.I.–7. II.2004 , leg. Maruyama (cMar, cAss) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Jawa Barat , Cianjur , Kebun Raya , Cibodas , 1400 m , flight interception trap , 29.I.-4.II.2004 , leg. Maruyama et al. (cMar, cAss) ; 9 exs. , Borneo , Kalimantan Tengah , Busang–Rekut confluence, 0°03'S , 113°59'E , flight interception trap , VIII.2001 , leg. Brendell & Mendel ( BMNH , cAss) . Brunei : 1 ex. , Temburong District , Kuala Belalong FSC, 4°34'N , 115°07'E , 150 m , steep forest, Malaise trap , X.1992 , leg. Martin ( BMNH ) .