Bioacoustics of Zoosphaerium spinopiligerum

Description BODY LENGTH. Male: length 37.1 mm , width of thoracic shield 22.3 mm (widest), height of thoracic shield 11.1 mm (highest). Female ( paratype ): length 28.8 mm , width of thoracic shield 16.8 mm , height of thoracic shield up to 8.7 mm . COLORATION. Tergites brown with dark brown posterior margin ( Fig. 2G ). Collum dark brown to green. Head dark green with yellow-brown markings. Anal shield brown. Antennae dark green, legs basally light brown, apically dark green. HEAD. Eyes with more than 80 ommatidia. Antennae long and slender, protruding back to leg 3. Length of antennomeres 1 =2= 3=4 =5<6. A shallow groove present on antennomere 1, disc with 22/18 apical cones. GNATHOCHILARIUM AND MANDIBLE. Not dissected. STIGMATIC PLATES. First stigmatic plate lobular, apex well rounded, very slightly curved towards coxa. Hairs most abundant on apical margin ( Fig. 12C ). PLEURITES. First pleurite slightly extending posteriorly in a long, thin process. COLLUM. Median part of collum glabrous. THORACIC SHIELD. Surface similar to that of tergites. TERGITES. Paratergites slightly projecting posteriorly. Tergites covered with small pits and hairs. ENDOTERGUM.Inner section with numerous short spines and isolated bristles. Between marginal ridge and inner area a single row of sparse large, elliptical cuticular impressions, distance between impressions 2–3 times as large as their diameter. Marginal brim wavy towards inner area. Externally with 1 row of sparse marginal bristles. Bristles scaly, short, the longest reaching ⅓ of distance towards tergite margin ( Fig. 10B ). ANAL SHIELD. Rounded, slightly flattened in male, covered with numerous short setae. Ventral side of anal shield with two black locking carinae, located close to laterotergites.Anterior carina small, posterior carina 6 or 7 times as long as anterior carina. LEGS. Leg 1 with 5 ventral spines, leg 2 with 6, leg 3 with 8. First two leg pairs without an apical spine, spine present on leg 3. Leg pairs 4–21 with 10–12 ventral spines and an apical spine. On leg 9, femur 2.1 and tarsus 5.2 times as long as wide. All podomeres with setae ( Fig. 12A ). Male sexual characters GONOPORE. Covered with a single undivided, rounded, apically membranous, basally sclerotized plate, covering ¼ of surface of coxa. Gonopore located basally on joint ( Fig. 12B ). ANTERIOR TELOPODS. Harp with two stridulation ribs, both ribs of same size and well developed, located in mesal corner ( Fig. 12D ). First podomere 1.3 times as wide as long. Second podomere process lobe- like and slightly curved, with rounded edges, protruding up to ⅔ of third podomere height, apically with sclerotized spots, visible in anterior view ( Fig. 12D–F ). Third podomere narrow, half as long as first; cavity mesally with numerous sclerotized spots and three thin, sclerotized spines ( Fig. 12E–F ); one sclerotized spot located close to tip; laterally with up to 4 crenulated teeth. Podomeres 1–3 on both sides with numerous long, isolated hairs. POSTERIOR TELOPODS (FIGS). Movable finger strongly curved, apically with invagination. Hollowed-out inner margin with one large triangular membranous lobe and 3–5 smaller sclerotized spines ( Fig. 12H ). Posterior aspect of movable finger with ca 11 small, sclerotized teeth ( Fig. 12I ). Immovable finger slender, with weakly curved tip, slightly shorter than movable finger. Anterior side of immovable finger basally with a membranous lobe and a sclerotized spine, at tip with numerous small sclerotized spots ( Fig. 12I ). All three podomeres of posterior telopods on both sides glabrous. Inner horns of syncoxite apically curved posteriorly. Tips sharp, entire horns covered with numerous short hairs. Female sexual characters Subanal plate wide, slightly triangular. Washboard with well-developed stridulation ribs, with 3 ribs on each half ( Fig. 12G ). Vulva large, covering more than ⅔ of coxa ( Fig. 12J ). Operculum small and low, ending far before coxal margin. Apical margin of operculum medially notched, lateral tip twice as high as mesal one, well rounded. Mesal plate long, extending beyond operculum.