Bioacoustics of Xizicus (Eoxizicus) hamatus

( Fig. 1 ) Description. Male. Body small. Head. Fastigium verticis conical, apex rounded with a longitudinal sulcus on dorsal surface. Eyes globular, protruding forwards. Apical segment of maxillary palpus nearly equal to subapical one, apical area slightly inflated. Thorax . Pronotum with anterior margin straight, posterior margin rounded; lateral lobe longer than high, humeral sinus comparatively distinct. Thoracic auditory spiracle exposed, oval. Tegmina and wings . Tegmina narrow, surpassing apices of hind femora, apices rounded. Stridulatory area of male left tegmen with Cu2 vein distinct and relatively straight, basal two thirds of Cu2 vein robust, apical third slender ( Fig. 3A ). Stridulatory file on ventral surface of left tegmen with 100–103 teeth, the teeth on basal half of stridulatory file moderately spaced, apical half densely arranged. Stridulatory file narrowing from base towards apical area ( Fig. 4A ). Hind wings slightly longer than tegmina. Legs. All femora unarmed on ventral surfaces. Fore coxa with 1 spine, fore tibia with 5 external and 4 internal long spines on ventral surface, bearing 1 pair of short ventral apical spurs; tibial tympana open on both sides. Ventral surface of middle tibia with 4 inner spines and 5 outer long spines, bearing 1 pair of short ventral apical spurs. Genicular lobes of hind femur with apices rounded on both sides. Internal and external margins of hind tibia with 22–25 short spines on dorsal surface respectively, bearing 1 pair of dorsal apical spurs and 2 pairs of ventral apical spurs. Abdomen. Posterior margin of tenth abdominal tergite with 1 pair of almost parallel, long processes, apices of processes rounded ( Fig. 1C ). Cercus long and moderately incurved, with a spine-shaped projection on interno-ventral surface near base, apex of projection hook-like ( Fig. 1C, E ); basal half of cercus compressed, apical half depressed and inwards twisted, apex rounded ( Fig. 1C, D, E, G ). Basal margin of subgenital plate with a triangular concavity, basal area faintly broad, narrowing; bearing a pair of longitudinal carinae from middle area to subapical area, apical area distinctly curved ventrad, posterior margin with a concavity ( Fig. 1E, F ). Styli conical and apices rounded, inserted on ventral surface of subapical area of subgenital plate ( Fig. 1E, F ). Coloration. Body light green when alive. Metazona with a pair of short longitudinal blackish brown stripes. Apices of genicular lobes of hind femora black. All spines and spurs of hind tibiae brown. Female. Appearance is similar to that of male. Cercus short and conical. Subgenital plate saddle-shaped, basal area slightly narrow, median area with a longitudinal carina, apical half slightly expanded outwards, posterior margin shallowly concave ( Fig. 1H ). Ovipositor long, basal area stout, subapex slightly upcurved, dorsal valvulae with apices acute and ventral ones with apices hook-shaped ( Fig. 1I ).