Bioacoustics of Xiphelimum amplipennis

Comments: This species was previously recorded for the Paraná State ( Cigliano et al. 2022 ). Despite the few individuals collected, this species can be easily heard in the hottest and humid months of the year, as suggested by Morris et al. (2016) . We observed populations with high density of males that stridulated continuously during the day and through the first hours of the night in the vegetation, especially on forest bushes. Bioacoustics ( Fig. 5 ): Males produce long echeme sequences, stridulating continually during day and through the first hours of the night, in chorus behaviour, but not always synchronized. The syllables are composed by three parts, the first with low amplitude, the second with high and the third with medium amplitude. The sound of this species was already described and discussed in details ( Morris et al. 2016 ). Dominant frequency : 6.5 ± 0.5 kHz. Bandwidth : 13.9 ± 0.2 kHz. Duration : Syllable: 0.06 ± 0.005 s . Mute interval : Syllable: 0.11 ± 0.006 s .