Bioacoustics of Tropicosa thorelli

Description. Male (ICN-Ar 12813). Color in ethanol ( Figs 26a–f ): Prosoma dorsal shield dark brown covered by short black bristles except on longitudinal median band and submarginal band. Both longitudinal median and submarginal bands are straight, equally broad, and yellow. A marginal row of white setae uniformly distributed on cephalothorax ( Fig. 26a ). Sparse black bristles in the ocular area covered with white bristles. Four long black bristles on the clypeal condyle anterior to anterior eye row. One large black bristle between the AME. First row of eyes procurved, slightly shorter than the second row; AME larger than the ALE; PME separated by a shorter length as their radii ( Fig. 26b ). Chelicerae with three retromarginal teeth decreasing in size from basal to distal; promargin with three teeth, the median bigger ( Fig. 26d ). Chelicerae creamy each with a fuzzy longitudinal brown stripe covered frontally with long brown hairs. Chillum brown sclerotized and divided. Basal condyle present and clearer than the chelicerae. Sternum longer than wide, light brown covered by short black bristles in the marginal area; a transverse dark brown band is present ( Fig. 26e ); endites creamy and convergent; labium square shaped darker than the endites; both endites and labium yellowish in their distal portion. Legs: All segments of legs creamy with two dorsal wavy stripes on femora. Opisthosoma background olive dispersed black bristles covering mainly on dorsal part; heart mark present; a group of strong white and black bristles on dorsal proximal part near cephalothorax ( Figs 26a, 26b ). Parallel whitish bands on both sides of the heart mark. Venter orangish sparsely covered by tiny black bristles and white bristles distributed on both lateral sides; spinnerets orange; both anterior and posterior spinnerets cylindrical ( Fig. 26e ). Palp tibiae cylindrical slightly wider apically. Cymbium piriform, stridulatory organ present ( Fig. 26f ). Subtegulum rounded shape; tegulum sclerotized with a curved sperm duct. Ventral process triangular and bigger than median apophysis ( Figs 24d , 25 ba, 25b). Tegular lobe sclerotized with a membranous inner portion. Terminal apophysis beak-shape curved and oriented counterclockwise ( Fig. 25b ). Subterminal apophysis present and membranous ( Fig. 25b ). Palea half sclerotized with no protuberances ( Figs 24a , 25e ). Embolus slender and curved, pars pendula present ( Fig. 25c ). Leg formula IV>I>II>III. Spination pattern: femur I p 0-0-2 d 1-1-1 r d1-d1-d1, II p 0-1-1 d 1-1-1 r 0-d1-d1-0- d1, III p d1-d1 d 1-1-1 r d1-d1-d1, IV p d1-0-d1 d 1-1-1 r 0-d1; patella I p 1 d 1bristle-1bristle ap r 1, II p 1 d 1bristle- 1bristle ap r 1, IIIp 1 d 1bristle-1bristle ap r 1, IV p 1 d 1bristle-1bristle ap r 1; tibia I p 1-1v d 1bristle-1bristle v 2-2-2ap r 1-1, II p 1-1v d 1bristle-1bristle v 2-2-2ap, III p 1-1v d r1-1 r 1-1v v 2-2-2ap, IV p 1-1 d 1r-1 r 1-1 v 2-2-2ap; metatarsus I p 1-1-2ap r 0-0-2ap d 1bristle-0 v 2-2-1ap, II p 1-1-2ap d 1-bristle-0 r 1-1-2ap v 2-2-1ap, III p 1d-1-2 d 1bristle-0 r 1d- 1d-2ap v 2-2-1ap, IV p 1d-1d-2ap d 1bristle-1bristle r 1d-2-1-2ap v 2-2-1ap. Measurements. TL 10.57, CL 5.67, CCW 2.27, CTW 4.16, CCH 2.01, CTH 2.09. Eyes: AME 0.27, ALE 0.09, PME 0.19, PLE 0.42, interdistances: AME-AME 0.13; AME-ALE 0.09; PME-PME 0.31; PME-PLE 0.43; PLEPLE 0.95. POQ long 0.81, POQ posterior width 1.26, POQ anterior width 0.79, AER 1.95, PER 2.27 Opisthosoma length 4.90, width 2.75. Pedipalp segments: 1.92 + 0.99 + 0.94 + 1.88 = 5.73. Legs: I 4.07 + 1.99 + 3.27 + 3.08 + 2.35 = 14.76, II 3.67 + 1.86 + 2.73 + 2.97 + 2.24 = 13.47, III 3.49 + 1.32 + 2.84 + 3.38 + 2.08 = 13.11, IV 4.69 + 1.81 + 3.72 + 5.42 + 2.80 = 18.44. Female (MCTP 37826). Color in ethanol ( Fig. 23a‒f ): Coloration as in male but paler ( Fig. 23a ). Chelicerae with three teeth in the retromargin furrow decreasing in size from the distal to basal teeth; promargin with two teeth, the distal bigger than the basal; chelicerae creamy frontally covered with long brown hairs; a fuzzy longitudinal brown stripe; chillum divided conspicuous and sclerotized ( Fig. 23b ); basal condyle notorious and clearer than the chelicerae. Sternum as in males ( Fig. 23e ); endites light brown and convergent; labium darker than the endites; both endites and labium yellowish in their distal portion. Legs: All legs as in male. Opisthosoma has the same pattern as in male. Epigyne ( Figs 21 , 22 ), median septum visibly wider anteriorly almost thrice the width of median septum, lateral lobes not sclerotized. Transversal septum straight and low, same length of wider part of median septum ( Figs. 21e , 22e ). In ventral view the atrium is narrow following the median septum pattern. Hoods triangular, parallel, and separated from each other. The copulatory openings are located narrow and parallel to the median septum ( Fig. 22e ). In dorsal view, the fertilization duct is membranous, tiny, and thin. ( Fig. 21b ). Head of spermatheca is triangular, larger than stalk ( Fig. 22b ) which is narrow, curved, and convergent. Leg formula IV>I>II>III. Spination pattern: femur I p 0-0-1 d 1-1-1, II p 0-1-1 d 1-1-1 r 0-d1-0-d1, III p 0-d1- d1 d 1-1-1 r d1-d1-d1, IV p 0-d1-d1-0-d1ap d 1-1-1 r 0-0-d1ap; patella I d 1-ap(1 bristle), II d 1-ap(1 bristle), III p 1 d (1bristle)-1ap r 1, IV p 1 d (1 bristle)-1ap r 1; tibia I p 0-v1 d (1 bristle)-0 v 2-1-2ap, II p 1-v1 v 2-2-2ap, III p 1-1 d 1-1 r 1-1 v 2-2-2ap, IV p 1-1 d 1-1 r 1-1 v 2-2-2ap; metatarsus I p 0-d1-2 r 0-0-1ap v 2-2-1ap, II p 0-1-2 r 0-0-1 v 2-2-1ap, III p d1-d1-2 r 1-1-2 v 2-2-1ap, IV p d1-d1-2ap r d1-d1-2ap v 2-2-1ap. Measurements. TL 10.43, CL 5.18, CCW 2.38, CTW 3.59, CCH 2.07, CTH 1.94. Eyes: AME 0.22, ALE 0.19, PME 0.52, PLE 0.45, interdistances:AME-AME 0.12; AME-ALE 0.09; PME-PME 0.40; PME-PLE 0.52; PLE-PLE 1.12. POQ length 0.95, POQ posterior width 1.50, POQ anterior width 0.92, AER 1.06, PER 1.37. Opisthosoma length 5.25, width 2.63. Pedipalp segments: 1.67 + 0.86 + 1.19 - + 1.29 = 5.01. Legs: I 3.84 + 1.84 + 3.28 + 2.71 + 1.92 = 13.59, II 3.49 + 1.55 + 2.91 + 2.55 + 1.82 = 12.32, III 3.37 + 1.51 + 2.79 + 2.78 + 1.84 = 12.29, IV 4.49 + 1.72 + 3.81 + 4.92 + 2.16 = 17.1. Variation. Males n = 20, range, mean±s.d.: TL 6.33–10.33, 7.93±1.22; CL 3.33–5.33, 4.13±0.55; CW 2.33– 3.77, 2.96±0.40. Females n = 16, range, mean±s.d.: TL 8.55–12.77, 11.16±1.38; CL 4.44–6.44, 4.55±0.59; CW 3.22–4.67, 4.00±0.44.