Bioacoustics of Putaoa annulata

Description. Male ( holotype ; HNU250, Figs 1A , 2 ). Total length 9.12. Cephalothorax 4.94 long, 3.82 wide. Sternum 2.16 long, 1.92 wide. Abdomen 4.40 long, 3.38 wide. Anterior median eye diameter 0.18. Clypeus height 1.5 times one anterior median eye diameter. Carapace with shallow and longitudinal fovea ( Fig. 1A ). Chelicerae with four prolateral and four retrolateral teeth ( Fig. 5A ); stridulatory striae absent. Legs annulated with spines and with annulations alternating brown and black. Leg measurements: I 15.26 (4.33, 1.46, 3.71, 3.89, 1.87), II 14.01 (4.12, 1.39, 3.38, 3.51, 1.61), III 1.16 (3.33, 1.25, 2.58, 2.69, 1.31), IV 13.60 (3.94, 1.26, 3.28, 3.66, 1.46). Metatarsus I and II trichobothria (TmI and TmII) 0.25 approximately; Metatarsus III and IV trichobothria (TmIII and TmIV) 0.33 approximately.All metatarsal trichobothria located on the dorsum, near the retrolateral surface. Abdomen with some large brown patches and a few of white spots dorsally. Palp : tibia short, with three retrolateral trichobothria, one distal prolateral seta and one thick and short dorsal macroseta retrolaterally ( Figs 2C, D , 6A, B ). Cymbium with a conical ectal process ( Figs 2B , 6A ), apically pointed, and two basal cymbial apophyses near the edge of paracymbium ( Figs 2E , 6A ). Paracymbium glabrous, concave and bowl-like, apically hooked, with edge of median margin curved inward ( Figs 2E , 6A ), connected to cymbial base by means of a membrane, ventral to a bipartite basal cymbial apophysis. Tegulum large and pointed apically, and with base connecting to suprategulum which is prolonged and divided into three processes, embolus, embolic process and distal suprategular apophysis ( Figs 2C , 6B ). Embolus sinuous, well developed, with proximal half ring-like, flat and wide, and distal half gradually becoming narrow and somewhat sharp ( Figs 2A , 6A ). Embolic process sclerotized, pointed apically, running parallel to embolus end ( Figs 2A, C , 6B ). Distal suprategular apophysis sclerotized and lobate, almost in contact with apicoventral area of cymbium, extending towards tegulum apex across gap between bulb and cymbium ( Figs 2B, C , 6A, B ). Conductor membranous, on apical end on tegulum ( Figs 2A, C , 6A, B ). Median apophysis absent. Female ( paratype , HNU251). Total length 9.95 ( Fig. 1B ). Cephalothorax 4.56 long, 3.47 wide. Sternum 2.33 long, 2.06 wide ( Fig. 1D ). Abdomen 5.68 long, 4.83 wide. Anterior median eye diameter 0.19. Clypeus height 1.4 times one anterior median eye diameter. Chelicerae with five prolateral and five retrolateral teeth ( Fig. 5B ); stridulatory striae absent. Legs annulated with sporadic spines. Leg measurements: I 15.73 (4.48, 1.51, 3.83, 4.01, 1.90), II 14.48 (4.22, 1.53, 3.51, 3.60, 1.62), III 11.46 (3.40, 1.31, 2.70, 2.70, 1.35), IV 13.92 (4.05, 1.31, 3.48, 3.61, 1.47). Metatarsus I trichobothrium (TmI) 0.25 approximately; Metatarsus II, III and IV trichobothria (TmII–IV) 0.33 approximately. All metatarsal trichobothria located on the dorsum, near the retrolateral surface. Similar to males in somatic features. Epigynum : basal plate trapeziform, anterior margin 1.5 times longer than posterior margin, and the posterior margin nearly straight but with slightly protruded in the middle.Atrium separated into two parts by septum. Copulatory openings visible ( Fig. 1E ). Copulatory ducts elongated, flat and looping. Spermathecae small and spherical, approximately one spermatheca diameter from each other ( Figs 1F, G , 5C ). Fertilization ducts medially oriented ( Figs 1G , 5C ).