Bioacoustics of Psyrana

Remarks. Our specimens from Maliau Basin ( Fig. 9 ) show similarities with Ps. ( Ps. ) melanonota (Stål, 1876) from Sumatra and Malay Peninsula, Ps. ( Ps. ) imitativa Gorochov, 2024 from Mindanao ( Philippines ) and Ps. ( Ps. ) simulator Gorochov, 2024 from Sabah (Borneo). The dark colouration and patterns on the pronotum most resemble Ps. ( Ps. ) melanonota , but our specimens differ from all three species by the dorsum of the head completely red, instead of having merely red patterns as in Ps. ( Ps. ) imitativa or limited to only the upper rostral tubercle. Each tegmen has a conspicuous reddish stripe along the proximal branch of the Sc vein, resembling those in Ps. ( Ps. ) imitativa rather than Ps. ( Ps. ) melanonota . The left stridulatory area of our specimens is mostly similar to that of Ps. ( Ps. ) simulator in the shape and relative size of the mirror, but is most similar to Ps. ( Ps. ) imitativa in the shape of the stridulatory file. The male cercus resembles Ps. ( Ps. ) imitativa and Ps. ( Ps. ) simulator more than Ps. ( Ps. ) melanonota by the shorter relative distance between the two apical and preapical teeth. The male subgenital plate resembles Ps. ( Ps. ) melanonota and Ps. ( Ps. ) imitativa by the apical notch deeper than that in Ps. ( Ps. ) simulator . These suggest that the three species and our specimens may possibly represent a single species or part of a species complex. Here, we tentatively identify our specimens as Ps. ( Ps. ) imitativa owing to the overall similarities in the stridulatory file on the left tegmen, cercus, and male subgenital plate.