Bioacoustics of Phryganogryllacris

Description. Medium sized species; rather large for the genus. Forehead nearly smooth with very fine transverse riffles and a few impressed dots; fastigium verticis little wider than scapus; transverse suture between fastigium verticis and fastigium frontis interrupted and indistinct; ocelli oval, well outlined but of same color as surrounding areas; subocular furrow shallow ( Fig. 83J ). Abdominal tergites two and three each with two rows of stridulatory pegs ( Fig. 84G ). Wings largely surpassing abdomen and reaching about middle of ovipositor; tegmen widest at beginning of apical third ( Fig. 82A ). Radius releases RS in about mid-length of tegmen, both veins with several branches near tip. Media anterior free from base. Cubitus anterior releases an anterior branch in a curvature, after that branch receives an oblique branch from MA, it divides into MP and CuA1. Cubitus posterior free from base, undivided. With four anal veins. Legs: Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with four pairs of large ventral spines and one pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 6–8 external and 7 internal spines on ventral margins; hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, ventral margins with one pre-apical spine; with 3 apical spurs on both sides dorso-internal apical spur about 1.5 times longer than dorso-external spur ( Fig. 82C ). Coloration. General color uniformly yellowish brown; legs with traces of green; might be a green species when alive. Face light yellowish brown in dorsal and ventral areas, light greyish brown in middle. Pronotum disc with two round black spots behind anterior furrow and two black strokes behind posterior furrow; both not very conspicuous. Hind femur in posterior area with a well marked black spot from external over ventral to internal surface. Tegmen semi-transparent, along margin white, along a broad midline yellowish; veins and veinlets brown in basal area, gradually getting yellowish towards tip. Hind wings semi-transparent white with yellowish veins, little darker towards base. Male unknown. Female. Seventh abdominal sternite transverse, with an obtuse, rather small and little distinct, grooved elevation. Sternite followed by a transverse, bulging, membranous area. Subgenital plate with convex lateral margins; apical margin slightly concave, rounded on both sides ( Figs. 84 E–F). Ovipositor elongate ( Fig. 82B ) Measurements ( 1 female ).—body w/wings: 40; body w/o wings: 24; pronotum: 4.7; tegmen: 34; tegmen width 9.5; hind femur: 14; ovipositor: 30 mm .

Description. Small to medium sized species. Head: Face narrow ovoid; forehead nearly smooth with scattered impressed dots; fastigium verticis hardly wider than scapus, separated by a transverse suture from fastigium frontis; ocelli visible but little distinct; subocular furrow shallow ( Figs. 83 D–E). Abdominal tergites two and three each with two rows of stridulatory pegs (4–7, 12–15; 16–18, 17–22; n = 1 female , 1 male ; Fig. 84C ). Wings almost reaching to about tip of stretched hind tibiae ( Figs. 82 G–H). Tegmen widest at beginning of apical third: Radius releases RS only in apical third of tegmen, both veins then forked again (in both, male and female); media anterior free from base but in subbasal area leaning on R, single-branched; cubitus anterior at base with a single branch that forks into two veins, the anterior branch makes a curvature, at top of curvature MP closely approaches (female) or fuses in a point with MA (male) and immediately separates again, shortly after that branch divides again into two parallel branches, MP and CuA1, while the posterior branch (CuA2) does not divide further. Cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout; with 3 anal veins (male) or with 4 anal veins, the last vein short and arising from a common stem with preceding vein (female). Legs: Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with four pairs of large ventral spines and one pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 2–3 external and 5–6 internal spines on ventral margins; hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, ventral margins with one pre-apical spine; with 3 apical spurs on both sides dorso-internal apical spur about 1.4 times longer than dorso-external spur ( Fig. 82J ). Coloration. General color uniformly yellowish brown; legs with traces of green; probably a green species when alive. Face uniformly yellowish brown. Tegmen semi-transparent yellow, towards margins of lighter color, veins yellow; hind wing semi-transparent white; veins yellow, veinlets light grey. Male. Eighth abdominal tergite of rather normal length. Ninth abdominal tergite little prolonged, in lateral view hind margin oblique with ventral area being more proximad than dorsal area; apical surface strongly bent down from dorsal surface; ventral margin truncate; from ventral area of baso-lateral surface on both sides with a rather large acute projection first curved mediad, then ventro-laterad ( Figs. 83 A–B). Epiproct small, triangular. Subgenital plate wide in basal area and with a long medial process with subtruncate tip; styli inserted at lateral angles of wide basal area and only little surpassing tip of medial process ( Fig. 83C ). Female. Seventh abdominal sternite elongate, distinctly longer than preceding sternites; in about apical half depressed in middle and with fine transverse furrows. Subgenital plate short, lobular, completely membranous, only at baso-lateral angles with a small sclerotised pit with black external margin ( Figs. 84 A–B). Ovipositor rather short, moderately and regularly upcurved, with gradually approaching margins; tip subobtuse ( Fig. 82I ). Measurements ( 1 male , 1 female ).—body w/wings: male 26, female 27; body w/o wings: male 17.5, female 17; pronotum: male 2.8, female 3; tegmen: male 22, female 22.5; tegmen width: male 7.2, female 7; hind femur: male 10.5, female 10.5; antenna: female 90; ovipositor: female 9.5 mm .