Bioacoustics of Philipsalta lata

Song ( Figure 20 ) A 70s song sample was recorded from the holotype male and is illustrated here. Males produce phrases of 0.1– 0.16 s duration at 1.8–2.6 phrases/s. Most phrases contain a single echeme followed by an isolated doublet after a silent gap of about 11–13 ms; some phrases lack the final doublet. The quality of the one recording is weak, in part due to environmental noise and echo, but for the clearest phrases the main echeme exhibits a complex pulse pattern, with sets of three stronger pulses or doublets produced at 350 pulses/s separated by single weaker pulses, and with the gaps preceding and following the weaker pulses being shorter than those separating the main pulses. The frequency spectrum is broad, reaching from at least 8 kHz to well above 20 kHz, and has a peak around 13 kHz. Both the sound frequency and amplitude increase somewhat during the first half of each song phrase. The song of Philipsalta lata Lee and Marshall sp. nov. is distinguishable from those of P. exilis and P. nigrina by the short single-doublet element ending most phrases, as well as by the complex 3 + 1 pulse pattern within the main echeme ( P. exilis and P. nigrina have pulses or doublets produced at a uniform rate).