Bioacoustics of Perutrella septentrionalis

DESCRIPTION General morphology. Body. Medium size, covered by bristles, general coloration light brown with some regions dark brown. Head. Occiput and vertex with yellow and brown bristles; occiput light brown; vertex light brown with two small dark brown maculae. Fastigium wider than long, slightly pubescent, light brown ( Fig. 27A, C, E ). Lateral ocelli rounded, above antennal socket in frontal view; median ocellus absent. Frons smooth, dark brown ( Fig. 27E ). Eyes slightly longer than wide in lateral view, dorsal ommatids medium brown, ventral ommatids dark brown ( Fig. 27B, D ). Antennal scape longer than wide, inner margin with yellowish bristles, light brown, marbled dark brown; antennomeres dark brown, with some bands of three antennomeres medium brown on proximal region. Gena dark brown in frontal and lateral views. Mandibles dark brown. Epistomal suture dark brown; clypeus dark brown, margins light brown; labrum dark brown ( Fig. 27E ). Maxillary palpi pubescent with yellowish bristles, light brown, dark brown marbled; article 5 longer than articles 3 and 4, article 4 the smallest; article 5 dorsal margin straight, ventral margin rounded. Pronotum. DD wider than long, with some bristles brown; light brown with a dark brown median macula resembling an inverted “Y”. DD cephalic margin slightly concave, with bristles brown; caudal margin somewhat convex, with brown bristles ( Fig.27A, C ). LL dark brown; ventro-cephalic angle rounded; ventro-caudal angle gradually ascendant in lateral view ( Fig. 27B, D ). Wings. FWs not covered by bristles, light to medium brown, somewhat translucent; veins light, medium and dark brown ( Fig. 27 A-D). HWs longer than FWs in dorsal view. Legs. Legs I and II with yellowish and brownish bristles. FI and FII light brown, punctuated medium to dark brown. TI and TII light brown, punctuated medium to dark brown. TI with oval inner and outer tympana.TI with three apical spurs: two ventral, one dorsal, inner. TII with three apical spurs: two ventral, one dorsal, inner. FIII twice longer than TIII; light brown, with a median dark brown band on outer side, apical region dark brown ( Fig. 27B, D ). TIII light brown, proximal and distal regions dark brown.TIII subapical spurs 4/3, without spines between spurs, three or four spines above the spurs.TIII apical spurs 3/3, longer on inner side; inner apical spurs: dorsal (iad) and median (iam) with same length, ventral the smallest (iav) (iad=iam>iav); outer apical spurs: median longest (oam), dorsal slightly shorter (oad), ventral almost same size of dorsal (oav) (oam>oad>oav).TIII apical and subapical spurs and spines medium to dark brown ( Fig. 27 A-D). Basitarsus dorsal spines 5/3, apical spine the longest; inner and outer apical spur same size, shorter than basitarsus. Basitarsus light brown. Abdomen. Tergites slightly pubescent, medium to dark brown. Supra anal plate posterior margin rounded, dark brown. Cerci pubescent, medium brown, marbled dark brown. Male Morphology. Metanotum without projections; median region with cluster of bristles; antero-lateral regions inflated, with bristles; medio-posterior region somewhat elevated ( Fig. 27F ). FWs covering the whole abdomen; PCu vein curved on anterior region, portion close to lateral field sinuous; bearing a stridulatory file with c. 53 stridulatory teeth on ventral side. Harp crossed by four diagonal veins, connected to CuPa, first one very short, third and fourth connected apically; CuPb short; mirror divided on the middle by one vein curved; apical field developed, with seven columns of cells ( Fig. 27A ). Lateral field with c. 17 parallel veins, perpendicular to dorsal field in lateral view. Subgenital plate longer than wide, posterior margin almost straight, strongly pubescent; medium brown, with a dark brown median longitudinal band, with yellow bristles ( Fig. 27H ). Male genitalia ( Figs 28 A-C, 29). Pseudepiphallus: pseudepiphallic sclerite anterior margin almost straight in dorsal view. MLophi and LLophi connected by membrane. LLophi wider than MLophi in ventral view, its apex curved inwards in dorsal view. MLophi, very short, three times shorter than LLophi in dorsal view, posterior margin acute. PsP well sclerotized, inclined inwards in ventral view, shorter than pseudepiphallic sclerite, not surpassing its posterior margin; posterior half wider than anterior, inner margins rounded. R elongated, flattened laterally, longer than pseudepiphallic sclerite, anterior portion curved inwards. Ectophallic invagination: EctAp surpassing the anterior margin of pseudepiphallic sclerite, curved inwards in ventral view. Arc not complete, directed posteriorly in dorsal and ventral views; ventral projections of ectophallic invagination very short. EctF weakly sclerotized, posterior margin rounded. Endophallus: EndSc triangular in ventral view, shorter than EctAp, posterior portion acuminated, antero-lateral margins folded ventrally; EndAp very short, almost no discernible. Female Morphology. Body larger than male, general coloration similar to male ( Fig. 27C, D ). FWs covering abdomen; bearing nine longitudinal veins, with small veins between them. Subgenital plate wider than long, posterior margin slightly concave medially; light brown, covered by yellowish bristles ( Fig. 27I ). Ovipositor slightly upcurved, medium to dark brown ( Fig. 27D ); apex lateral margins serrulated, posterior tip slightly concave ( Fig. 27C, I ). Female genitalia ( Fig. 28 D-F). Copulatory papilla cylindrical, posterior portion downcurved in lateral view, without ventral aperture; posterior margin rounded; anterior margin concave in dorsal view. Measurements (mm) Males (n = 2, holotype and paratype ). HW, 3.65 ± 0.49 (3.3 4); IOD, 1.75 ± 0.07 (1.7-1.8); PL, 2.75 ± 0.21 (2.6- 2.9); PW, 3.8 ± 0.28 (3.6-4); FWL, 15.3 ± 2.4 (13.6-17); FWW, 4.3 ± 0.42 (4-4.6); HWL, 17 ± 1.41 (16-18); LFIII, 8.55 ± 0.77 (8-9.1); WFIII, 2.8 ± 0.42 (2.5-3.1); LTIII, 4.2± 0.42 (3.9-4.5); LBtarsIII, 2.1 ± 0.14 (2-2.2). Female (n = 1, allotype ). HW, 4; IOD, 2; LP, 3.3; PW, 4.2; FWL, 17; FWW, 4; HWL, 18; LFIII, 9.2; WFIII, 3; LTIII, 4.8; LBtarsIII, 2.1; OL, 7.1.