Bioacoustics of Perixerus squamipennis

urn:lsid: Orthoptera .speciesfile.org:TaxonName:55121 Perixerus squamipennis GERSTAECKER . 1873. STETT. ENTOMOL. Z. 34:192. Perixerus squamipennis BRUNER, L. 1908. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA 2:333. Perixerus squamipennis HEBARD. 1932. TRANS. AMER. ENTOMOL. SOC. 58(3):293. Perixerus squamipennis DESCAMPS. 1975. FOLIA ENT. MEX. 31–32:71. Perixerus squamipennis FONTANA, BUZZETTI & MARIÑO-PÉREZ. 2008. CHAPULINES, LANGOSTAS, GRILLOS Y ESPERANZAS DE MÉXICO. GUíA FOTOGRÁFICA - GRASSHOPPERS, LOCUSTS, CRICKETS & KATYDIDS OF MEXICO. PHOTOGRAPHIC GUIDE 181–182. Perixerus squamipennis WOLLER, FONTANA, MARIÑO-PÉREZ & H. SONG. 2014. ZOOTAXA 3793(4):493. Coloration. Antennae brownish to blackish, often lightly colored towards the base. Pronotum and tegmina light brown to orange. Head and fore and middle legs brownish to bluish; eyes pale-gray; tegmina uniformly colored light brown; hind femur with upper and lower margins yellow and median area blue to purple on external surface; hind tibia dark blue with basal portion yellow to orange. Abdomen primarily, and ventral portion of the body, yellowish-green. Female with light-colored ovipositor ( Figs. 1B , 19 , 20 , 23 ). Pronotum and Tegmina. In most examined specimens, pronotum is almost straight in lateral view, more decidedly rugose in metazona, median carina well-marked in metazona; metazona ~ 3/7 of the length of pronotum; pronotum from above with almost parallel sides in male, more diverging in female; posterior pronotal margin emarginated, widely rounded in female, sometimes angulated in male; tegmina reaching more or less the end of 1 st abdominal tergite, meeting on dorsum ( Figs. 19 , 20 , 23 ). Terminalia: Male, external. In most cases, furculae vestigial with short gap between. Supra-anal plate subtriangular with broadly rounded apex and longer than in P. obscurus sp. nov. ; lateral sides sinuous and with shallow, median groove that extends apically for approximately 1/3rd the total length. Cerci relatively short and similar to P. obscurus : wider at base and narrowing in middle with rounded apices; gently curving inwards beginning around midway point. Subgenital plate short with rounded apex ( Fig. 21A,B ). Internal phallic complex: overall, typical for a melanopline, with the following unique characters: Epiphallus: ancorae relatively short, subtriangular and skinnier than conspecifics, and curve slightly inwards; lophi prominent, but weakest of conspecifics, subrectangular, and typically bent slightly anteriorly; post-epiphallic lobe moderately wrinkled, similar to conspecifics, and covered in raised microstructures ( Figs. 21C,D & 22A–B ). Ectophallus: rami prominent and resembling a stretched-out “N” shape, extending well below valves of aedeagus. Sheath of aedeagus comprised of two halves, each with two lobes of similar size that are attached to apical 1/3rd of rami with each side extending upwards to the lower edges of the dorsobasal region of the dorsal valves of aedeagus, typically only meeting along ventral margins; covered in raised microstructures resembling those on the post-epiphallic lobe ( Figs. 21C,D & 22A, C–D ). Endophallus: arch of aedeagus well-developed. Dorsal valves of aedeagus do not meet flexures, appear to be fused for entire length with an occasional faint median suture; shorter than ventral valves, often almost extending to apices of upper projections of ventral valves; apex ending in two rounded prongs giving the entire component an appearance of a stout “Y” with broadly rounded arms. Ventral valves of aedeagus meet flexures and are notably longer than dorsal valves; apical portion divided in two with upper section terminating in thin pointed projections that curve gently upwards; lower section (apical 1/3rd) curved ventrally inwards in a corkscrew-like shape that is surrounded by lobe-like membrane (punctuated with scattered, darkly sclerotized, drop-like microstructures) that also extends for a short distance beyond the upper projections ( Figs. 21C,D & 22A,C–D ). Female, external: as in P. obscurus sp. nov. and P. triqui sp. nov. : supra-anal plate subtriangular and cerci relatively small and subconical; dorsal valves of ovipositor with small teeth along dorsobasal margin; ventral valves of ovipositor with a prominent tooth at basal 1/3rd of lower margin ( Fig. 24 ). Male measurements (in mm) (n=5) ( Table 1 ): Body length 18.05–20.26 (18.98 ± 0.81); pronotum length 4.36–5.23 (4.65 ± 0.38); prozona length 2.47–2.76 (2.61 ± 0.11); metazona length 1.78–2.58 (2.04 ± 0.32); hind femur length 9.50–11.00 (10.21 ± 0.65); and tegmina length 3.31–4.16 (3.72 ± 0.34). Female measurements (in mm) (n=8) ( Table 1 ): Body length 20.53–23.34 (22.42 ± 1.04); pronotum length 5.51–6.72 (6.16 ± 0.41); prozona length 3.09–3.74 (3.43 ± 0.23); metazona length 2.42–3.08 (2.74 ± 0.21); hind femur length 11.34–13.06 (12.36 ± 0.67); and tegmina length 3.77–5.40 (4.83 ± 0.54).