Bioacoustics of Pachyodes novata

Diagnosis. Pachyodes novata is distinguished by a large triangular sclerite on the costal lobe of the male genitalia; other members of Pachyodes have only ridges which extend anteriorly forming relatively shallow, shorter processes. In addition, the posterior end of the aedeagus of Pachyodes novata is much narrower than that of the other species. Superficially, most specimens of P. novata can be distinguished from other species by the complete black terminal band on the forewing venter. P. leucomelanaria has a broad terminal band on the venter of the forewing, but the band also is present on the dorsum, whereas in P. novata the terminal band is not present on the dorsum. Some older specimens lack the grey-green suffusion on the dorsum of the wings, but nearly all of these have a wide terminal band on the venter. The broad terminal band on underside of wings is similar to members of the genus Pingasa Moore. But the presence of a pair of hair brushes on hindwing immediately separates Pingasa from Pachyodes . Pachyodes novata is also distinguished from Pingasa by features of the male genitalia. For example, the gnathos of Pingasa possesses a pair of processes, while it only bears a spinulose pointed process in P. novata . Holotype , ♂ , CHINA : Fujian : Wuyishan Huangxizhou , 500 m , 29.VII.2006 , coll. Xie Juan ( IZCAS ). Paratypes ( 28♂ , 4♀ ): CHINA : Fujian : Wuyishan Huangxizhou , 500 m , 29.VII.2006 , coll. Xue Dayong , 1♂ ( IZCAS ) ; Fujian : Wuyishan Sangang , 700 m , 9.VII.2006 , coll. Wang Jiashe , 1♂ ( IZCAS ), 13– 15.VIII.2006 , 2♂ ( IZCAS ), 25.VII.2006 , coll. Xie Juan , 1♂ ( IZCAS ), 10.VI.2006 , coll. Wang Jiashe , 1♂ ( IZCAS ) ; Fujian : Wuyishan , 11–12.IX.1982 , coll. Zhang Baolin , 2♂ ( IZCAS ) ; Fujian : Chongan Xingcun Sangang , 740 m , 24.VI.1960 , coll. Zhang Yiran , 1♂ ( IZCAS ) ; Fujian : Daan , 19.VI.1981 , coll. Jang Fan , 1♀ ( IZCAS ) ; Hubei : Shennongjia Jiuchong , 700 m , 17.VII.1998 , coll. Luo Tianhong , 1♂ ( IZCAS ) ; Hubei : Xingshan Longmenhe , 730 m , 22.VI.1993 , coll. Yao Jian , 1♂ ( IZCAS ), 630 m , 1♂ ( IZCAS ), 1350 m , 17.VII.1993 , coll. Song Shimei , 1♂ ( IZCAS ) ; Hubei : Shennongjia Guanmenshan , 1240 m , 25.VII.1998 , coll. He Junjian , 1♂ ( IZCAS ) ; Hunan : Tianpingshan , 14.VI.1981 , 1♂ ( IZCAS ) ; Hunan : Sangzhi Tianpingshan , 22.VII.1988 , coll. Li Yongkun , 1♂ ( IZCAS ) ; Guangxi : Jinxiu Luoxiang , 200 m , 15.V.1999 , coll. Zhang Xuezhong , 2♂ ( IZCAS ), coll. Han Hongxiang , 2♂ ( IZCAS ) ; Guangxi : Jinxiu Luoxiang , 400 m , 15.V.1999 , coll. Li Wenzhu , 1♂ ( IZCAS ) ; Guangxi : Jinxiu Luoxiang , 450 m , 30.VI.2000 , coll. Li Wenzhu , 1♂ 1♀ ( IZCAS ), coll. Yao Jian , 2♂ , 1♀ ( IZCAS ) ; Guangxi : Jinxiu Shengtangshan , 900 m , 17.V.1999 , coll. Liu Dajun , 1♂ ( IZCAS ), coll. Li Wenzhu , 1♀ ( IZCAS ), 18.V.1999 , coll. Huang Fusheng , 1♂ ( IZCAS ) ; Guangxi : Jinxiu Tiantangshan , 900 m , 17.V.1999 , coll. Liu Dajun , 1♂ ( IZCAS ) ; Guangxi : Shangsi Nanpingxiang , 350 m , 10.VI.2000 , coll. Li Wenzhu , 1♂ ( IZCAS ) .