Bioacoustics of Orgyiini

T: Ferguson (1978) L: Hiratsuka et al. (1995) , Langor (1995) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 1598 * R Gynaephora rossii Curtis, 1835 Jul ? – B – T: Ferguson (1978) L: Schmidt et al. (2004) C: UASM 1599 * U Dasychira dorsipennata (Barnes and Benjamin, 1919) Jun – – g T: Ferguson (1978) L: Bowman (1951) C:?UASM 1600 * R Dasychira vagans (Barnes and Benjamin, 1913) E – L Jul M B g T: Ferguson (1978) L: Bowman (1951) , Prentice (1962) , Ferguson (1978), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1601 * R Dasychira plagiata (Walker, 1865) E – L Jul – B – T: Ferguson (1978) L: Prentice (1962) ,? Ferguson (1978) , Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 1602 * R Dasychira grisefacta (Dyar, 1911) E – L Jul M b – T: Ferguson (1978) L: Bowman (1951) , Prentice (1962) , Ferguson (1978) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1603 * R H Orgyia antiqua (Linnaeus, 1758) L Aug – M Sep M B – Rusty Tussock Moth T: Ferguson (1978) L: Bowman (1951) , Prentice (1962) , Ives and Wong (1988) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1603.1 * P Orgyia pseudotsugata ( McDunnough, 1921 ) E – L Aug M – – Douglas-fir Tussock Moth T: Ferguson (1978) 1604 * U Orgyia leucostigma (Smith, 1797) Aug M b g Whitemarked Tussock Moth T: Ferguson (1978) L: Prentice (1962) , Ferguson (1978) , Ives and Wong (1988) C: Unknown 60.2. Arctiinae – tiger moths Mostly medium-sized moths but ranging in size ( 20 to 50 mm wingspan), usually with brightly colored, patterned wings. Many species are aposematically colored and possess the ability to produce sound with a specialized structure (the tymbal), which is used to characterize the group. Th is large group has traditionally been treated as a family separate from the Noctuidae , but the most recent research shows that tiger moths are derived within a re-defined Erebidae , and the nomenclature has changed recently to reflect these findings ( Lafontaine and Fibiger 2006 ; Lafontaine and Schmidt in press). The nomenclature used herein reflects the phylogenetic studies of Jacobson and Weller (2002) , Bendib and Minet (1999), and DaCosta and Weller (2005) , summarized in Schmidt and Opler (2008) . Larvae are usually densely hairy and include the well-known woolly bears. Larvae are primarily generalist feeders on herbaceous plants (including grasses and sedges); a few groups feed on woody plants, and the Lithosiini specialize on lichens. Worldwide, the Arctiinae include about 11 000 species, 6 000 of which occur in the New World tropics (Kitching and Rawlins 1999). Although most diverse in the tropics, a number of genera are restricted to arctic or temperate regions (e.g., Acsala , Dodia , Arctia , Pararctia ). A checklist of North American species published by Ferguson and Opler (2006) was superseded by Schmidt and Opler (2008) , which corrects errors and omissions of the former. Minor additional changes for the North American fauna were documented in Lafontaine and Schmidt (in press). Most genera are in need of revision, but a few modern works exist, for Cisthene ( Knowlton 1967 ) , Dodia ( Tshistjakov and Lafontaine 1984 ) , Grammia ( Schmidt 2009b ) , Phragmatobia ( Donahue and Newman 1966 ) , and Platarctia and Pararctia ( Sotavalta 1965 ) . Schmidt and Opler (2008) reported 281 species of Arctiinae from North America north of Mexico ; 49 species are reported herein from AB.