Bioacoustics of Neolarnaca vera

( Figs 1–7 ) Male. Body medium-sized. Micropterous. Fastigium verticis about 1.8 times the width of scape, lateral margins not raised ( Fig. 1 ). Eyes elongate, oval. Ocelli small, subcircular. Scape equal to the length of eyes, but shorter than pedicel and first segment of flagellum combined; pedicel as long as first segment of flagellum. Pronotic anterior margin slightly projected and posterior margin almost straight; lateral lobes longer than height ( Figs 2–3 ). Fore coxae with 1 small spine. Fore femora absent; median femora unarmed spines on ventral surface; hind femora with 4–5 inner and 4–6 outer spines on ventral surface. Median tibiae with 1 inner dorsal spur and 5 pairs of ventral spurs (including 1 pair of apical spurs), the apical ones obviously shorter than the others ( Fig. 5 ). Hind tibiae with 6 pairs of dorsal spines, 1 pair of dorsal apical spurs, 2 pairs of ventral apical spurs and 1 pair of ventral subapical spurs. Tegmina reaching the posterior margin of third abdominal tergite. Hind wings shorter than tegmina. Second abdominal tergite with 1 row of oblique stridulatory teeth; third abdominal tergite with 2 parallel rows of stridulatory teeth ( Fig. 4 ). Ninth abdominal tergite with 1 pair of spines, which downwards and forwards pointing, its apex acute ( Fig. 7 ). Tenth abdominal tergite membranous. Cerci short, nearly cylindrical. Anterior margin of subgenital plate almost straight, posterior margin with 1 triangular concavity in the middle. Styli stout, cylindrical, apices obtuse ( Fig. 6 ). Female. Unknown. Coloration. Body light brown. Eyes brown. Pronotum dark brown, with narrow yellowish brown edges and 1 wider yellowish brown stripe in the middle of disc. Apices of hooks of ninth abdominal tergite dark brown. Spines of hind tibiae with apices darkish.

Description. Medium sized species. Head: Face robust but not particularly large; in frontal view ovoid; forehead nearly smooth; fastigium verticis distinctly wider than scapus; medium and lateral ocelli small, little distinct ( Fig. 80F ). Abdominal tergites two and three each with rows of rather large stridulatory pegs (0, 7–8; 4–8, 8–10; n = 2 males , 2 females ; Fig. 80L ). Wings hardly longer than pronotum, reaching or surpassing apex of first abdominal tergite, not overlapping except near tip ( Fig. 80E ). Tegmen: tegmen strongly shortened, not fully reaching tip of second abdominal segment; venation reduced and somewhat variable between specimens. Legs: Fore coxa with large spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with four pairs of large ventral spines and one pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with rather few spines on both ventral margins, with 1–4 external and 0–4 internal spines on ventral margins, increasing in size towards posterior end; hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, ventral margins with one pre-apical spine each; with 3 apical spurs on both sides. Coloration. General color uniformly yellowish to reddish brown; pronotum black. Face uniformly reddish brown; eyes darker. Tegmen transparent brownish; hind wing faintly surpassing tegmen; semi-transparent with dark veins. Male. Eighth tergite prolonged; ninth tergite with apical area curved down and narrowed, apical margin truncate or faintly concave and at both lateral angles terminating into a long and stout, slightly incurved, acute spine ( Figs. 80 I–J). Tenth abdominal tergite in situ hidden. Epiproct very large, furrowed along midline, lateral margins strongly bulging, apex slightly bifid. Subgenital plate in ventral view with convex lateral margins, ventral surface strongly convex; apex wide, slightly bilobate between bases of styli; in lateral view, lateral margin terminating into a cone dorso-laterad of base of stylus; styli present ( Fig. 80K ). Phallus membranous. Female. Seventh abdominal sternite basal half normal, apical half membranous or nearly membranous with indication of a double-pit not clearly separated from membranous basal area of subgenital plate. Subgenital plate basal area membranous, wider; apical area lobular, apex simply rounded ( Fig. 80H ). Ovipositor base bulging laterally, otherwise strongly upcurved, sickle- or hook-shaped; tip narrowly obtuse ( Fig. 80G ). Measurements ( 4 males , 2 females ).—body w/o wings: male 22–24, female 21–29; pronotum: male 4.5–4.7, female 4.7–5.2; tegmen: male 5.0–5.5, female 5.5–6.0; hind femur: male 12.5–13.5, female 14.0–14.5; antenna: male 70, female 80; ovipositor: female 10–11 mm .

Description. Small to medium sized species. Head: Face narrow ovoid, nearly sub-triangular, forehead nearly smooth with some scattered impressed dots; fastigium verticis wider than scapus, separated by a fine suture from fastigium frontis; ocelli visible but little distinct; without subocular furrow ( Fig. 80B ). Abdominal tergites two and three with stridulatory pegs. Wings reduced, tegmen not touching in midline, not fully reaching mid of abdomen ( Fig. 80A ). Tegmen with two subcostal veins followed by four undivided veins: Radius, media, cubitus anterior and cubitus posterior; with 3 anal veins. Legs: Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with 4 pairs of large ventral spines (first pair small, on one mid tibia absent) and 1 pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 5–7 external and 4–8 internal spines on ventral margins; hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, ventral margins with one pre-apical spine; with 3 apical spurs on both sides. Coloration. General color uniformly brown; pronotum mostly black except for margin. Face brown, indistinctly marbled; clypeus yellowish. Tegmen brownish. Male. see Gorochov 2004 . Female. Seventh abdominal sternite unmodified. Subgenital plate separated by a large membranous zone from preceding sternite; otherwise with converging, upcurved lateral margins, setose; tip faintly bilobate ( Fig. 80D ). Ovipositor falcate, strongly curved in subbasal area, afterwards moderately curved; tip subobtuse ( Fig. 80C ). Measurements ( 1 female ).—body w/o wings: 27; pronotum: 6; tegmen: 10; hind femur: 15; ovipositor: 10 mm .

Figures 1–2 , 3A–F Male. Body medium. Face with scattered impressed dots ( Fig. 1A ). Ocelli distinct ( Fig. 1A ). Fore coxae swollen with 1 small spine. Fore and middle femora ventrally unarmed; hind femora with 4 pairs of spines on ventral surface. Fore and middle tibiae ventrally with 4 pairs of spines and 1 pair of apical spurs; middle tibiae with 1 apico-internal spine on dorsal surface. Hind tibiae with 6–7 pairs of spines on dorsal surface, subapices with 1 pair of ventral spurs, apices with 1 dorsal and 2 ventral spurs on both sides. Tegmina just reaching the posterior area of first abdominal tergite ( Fig. 1C–D ). Tegmina with two subcostal veins; radius forked near tip; media, cubitus anterior and cubitus posterior simple, undivided; with 3 anal veins, the last two with common base ( Fig. 1C–D ). Hind wings slightly longer than tegmina. Abdominal stridulatory pegs very sparse, appearing as a single row on the second abdominal tergite, which a widely spaced, and as double rows parallelly distributed on third abdominal tergite ( Fig. 1F ). Eighth abdominal tergite prolonged ( Fig. 1H ). Ninth abdominal tergite narrowing and curved downward ( Fig. 1F ), posterior area slightly furrowed in midline, the both sides swollen and terminating into a long, slightly incurved, acute spine ( Fig. 1I ). Subgenital plate wider than long, ventral surface conically swollen in the middle area, posterior margin slightly concave in middle ( Fig. 1J ). Styli inserted at apico-lateral angles. Female. Tegmina reaching the middle area of first abdominal tergite ( Fig. 2D–E ). Hind tibiae with 5 internal and 6–7 external spines on dorsal surface. Seventh abdominal sternite with apical area widened and posterior margin arched concave ( Fig. 2I ). Basal area of subgenital plate membranous with 1 pair of copulatory depressions in the middle area; lateral margins after middle are converging, posterior margin narrowly rounded ( Fig. 2J ). Ovipositor strongly upcurved, apices narrowly subacute ( Fig. 2K ). Measurements (mm). BL: ♂ 22.5–24.2, ♀ 22.5; PL: ♂ 5.5–6.3, ♀ 5.6; TL: ♂ 4.8–5.2, ♀ 5.1; HFL: ♂ 13.2– 13.9, ♀ 13.8; OvL: 10.8. Coloration. Body yellowish brown. Eyes black. Pronotum black with blackish margins, disc with an indistinctly yellowish brown midline ( Figs. 1B , 2C ). Abdominal tergite blackish brown. Tegmina brown.