Bioacoustics of Neoconocephalus boraceae

Redescription. Head: Semioval in frontal view ( Figs. 1E, M , 2E ); fastigium of vertex slightly trapezoidal in frontal view, two and a half times longer than scapus length, base three times wider than scapus width, tooth projected at basal portion of fastigium ( Figs. 1C, D, E, K, L, M , 2C, D, E ); fastigium of frons little projected, triangular ( Figs. 1E, M , 2E ). Thorax: Pronotum anterior margin almost straight and posterior margin slightly convex ( Figs. 1D, L , 2D ); lateral lobe slightly longer than wide, anterior margin of the lateral lobe straight followed by sharp curve with straight lower margin; margin of humeral sinus broadly rounded, invagination of humeral sinus in an open V-shaped or concave ( Figs. 1C, K , 2C ). Wings: Tegmen with basal and apical region equally wide ( Figs. 1B, J , 2B ). Legs: foreleg genicular lobe with inner side wide with rounded apex and outer side with triangular apex, tympanum with three distinct regions: proximal one rounded and closed, median one with a pair of open longitudinal slits, and apical one almost rounded and closed, tibia with six pairs of ventral spines; midleg genicular lobe with inner side triangular with acute apex and outer side with rounded apex, tibia with seven ventral spines on inner margin and nine on outer margin; hindleg femur with nine pairs of short ventral spines, genicular lobe little developed and slightly curved, tibia dorsally with approximately 20 inner spines and 29 outer spines, in addition to two pairs of spurs, ventrally with eight pairs of small alternating spines. Color : Living male and female specimens mostly green ( Fig. 18A–B ). Type specimen greenish yellow; black maculae on ventral surface of tarsi and frontal area of the fastigium of the vertex ( Figs. 1E, M , 2E ). Description of male. Tegmen : Stridulatory area with two distinct elevated transverse regions, anterior one oval and the posterior one rounded ( Fig. 1F ). Cercus : Dorsal lobe with spine measuring half the length of lobe; ventral lobe two times longer than dorsal lobe ( Figs. 1G, H ). Description of female. Subgenital plate: Posterior margin weakly concave, with pair of lateral triangular projections ( Figs. 1N , 2F ). Ovipositor: Extending beyond tegmen apex ( Figs. 1J , 2B ). Measurements: Female holotype : BdL 29.1(30.0); FL 3.2(2.9); PdL 7.9(8.5); TegL 41.8(41.0); FlegL 8.1; HlegL 26.9(27.0); OvL 40.8(35.0). Females (n=18): BdL 27.8–32.5; FL 2.9–3.2; PdL 8.0–8.3; TegL 41.8–44.7; FlegL 7.6–8.4; HlegL 26.5–27.6; OvL 37.9–41.1. Males (n=12): BdL 26.4–29.7; FL 1.7–1.9; PdL 7.6–8.0; TegL 35.1–38.3; FlegL 6.3–7.1; HlegL 20.0–21.4.

Distribution. Brazil : Minas Gerais [ new record ], São Paulo , and Rio de Janeiro [ new record ] states. Taxonomic notes. This species is most similar with N . affinis ( Palisot de Beauvois, 1819 ) , N. minor ( Karny, 1907 ) , and N. nigrosignatus ( Karny, 1907 ) Nevertheless , N. boraceae can be distinguished from N. affinis by stridulatory area with two distinct elevated regions, the anterior one measuring approximately one third of tegmen width ( Fig. 1F ) (stridulatory area with single elevated region with length subequal to tegmen width in N. affinis ), from N. minor by the pronotum posterior margin slightly convex ( Figs. 1D, L , 2D ) and stridulatory area with two elevated transverse regions ( Fig. 1F ) (pronotum posterior margin convex and stridulatory area with single elevated region in N. minor ), and from N. nigrosignatus by the ovipositor extending beyond or reaching the tegmen apex ( Figs. 1J , 2B ) (ovipositor not reaching tegmen apex in N. nigrosignatus ). Finally, Piza (1983) pointed similarities between N. boraceae and N. boraceanus , but the former can be easily distinguished by its tegmen with slightly rounded apex ( Figs. 1B, J , 2B ) (oblique in N. boraceanus ).