Bioacoustics of Neocicada hieroglyphica

Species of the genus are found associated with various species of oak ( Quercus spp.) ( Sanborn et al. 2005 ). Van Duzee (1909) reported them abundant on low oak bushes and was unable to locate specimens in pine woodlands in Florida. Beamer (1928) associated N. hieroglyphica with oaks in sandy soils and observed the species ovipositing in oak. Froeschner (1952) also found the species common on oak. The body coloration makes them particularly difficult to see on their host plants. The call begins as a series of short sound pulses which increase in amplitude and eventually fuse into a constant tone with peak frequency of about 3.6 kHz that decreases in amplitude as the song ends ( Daniel et al. 1993 ). The sound is reflected by vegetation making finding a calling male difficult. A sonagram of the call can be found in Elliott and Hershberger (2006) . Males call primarily at dawn and dusk but will call sporadically during daylight hours. They are often triggered into calling as thunderstorms darken the sky during the afternoon. They have been observed to call under streetlights on hot summer nights in Gainesville ( Sanborn et al. 2005 ). This subspecies is primarily in the panhandle and northern border counties but extends into the peninsula at lower densities than the subspecies. The distribution continues northward to New York, Illinois, and Indiana and westward to Kansas, Texas and Oklahoma ( Sanborn et al., 2005 ). Beamer (1928) suggested the species is associated with habitats containing sandy soil but the relationship between soil conditions and cicada distribution has not been investigated. The distribution of N. h. hieroglyphica overlaps the distribution of N. h. johannis in the panhandle and into the peninsula (Fig. 74), but the former has greater densities in the west and north while the latter is found primarily in the peninsula. Neocicada h. hieroglyphica is found in all Florida ecoregions but is restricted to the Miami Ridge/Atlantic Coastal Strip in the south. It has been collected in Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, and Walton Counties in Florida.

This subspecies is restricted to the Florida peninsula and the southern and coastal regions of Georgia ( Sanborn et al., 2005 ). It is also associated with oak ( Quercus spp.). Acoustic behavior is similar to that described for N. h. hieroglyphica with major calling activity at dawn and dusk with sporadic activity during the day. No analysis has been performed on the song of the subspecies but it has similar characteristics to N . h. hieroglyphica (personal observation). The distribution of the subspecies N. hieroglyphica johannis extends over most of peninsular Florida (Fig. 74). It is primarily found in the Southern Coastal Plain with specimens being collected in the Miami Ridge/ Atlantic Coastal Strip of the Southern Florida Coastal Plain and the Tallahassee Hills/Volusia Limesink of the Southeasern Plain ecoregions. The species has been collected in the following 45 counties: Alachua, Brevard, Broward, Calhoun, Charlotte, Citrus, Collier, Columbia , Dixie, Duval, Flagler, Gadsden, Gilchrist, Glades, Hamilton, Hendry, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsboro, Indian River, Jefferson, Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Manatee, Marion, Martin, Miami-Dade, Orange, Osceola, Palm Beach, Pasco, Pinellas, Polk, Putnam, Sarasota, Seminole, St. John’s, St. Lucie, Suwannee, Taylor, Volusia, and Wakulla.