Bioacoustics of Myiophanes

Description. Habitus. Elongate and narrow insect, body sub-shining; mid and hind legs extremely long, thread-like; entire body pilose. Coloration. Overall stramineous or pale ochraceous at places, with contrasting dark markings ( Figs. 1–2 ); head dark brown except base, tip of antennal tubercles and clypeus; interocular sulcus slightly paler; labium dark brown, first and second visible segments apically pale; antennomere I brown except pale base, antennomere II darker, antennomere III light brown, antennomere IV almost colorless. Fore lobe of pronotum pale with a broad transverse annulus around its middle, hind lobe mostly dark brown except its extreme anterior portion which is invaded by a pair of obliquely traingular pale areas together forming a W- shaped mark ( Fig. 3 ); scutellum dark brown; ventral side of prothorax pale except middle portion of fore lobe contiguous with above mentioned dark band of pronotum; mesosternum and metasternum dark brown to black; mid and hind coxae dark brown to black except apex ( Fig. 10 ); with a small, pale, transverse patch between mesocoxae. Forelegs: coxa with two dark brown annuli (basal and subapical, each 1.5–2 mm wide); femur with three dark annuli (one near base, one around middle, one subapically, each 1.5–2.5 mm wide, basal widest); tibia with basal one-fifth very pale, middle part pale brown, followed by an ochraceous annulus subapically, apex dark brown; tarsus pale, claws dark brown ( Figs. 8, 11 ). Mid and hind femora pale brown along most of their length except creamy white apex about 2 mm wide, and a subapical dark brown annulus about 2.5 mm wide. Mid and hind tibiae pale brown except of a pale basal annulus of about 3 mm width followed by a dark subbasal annulus of about 2 mm width; tarsi pale brown; claws blackish ( Figs. 1, 2 ). Abdomen dorsally with five dark brown transverse bands of irregular shape, at some places with anterior and posterior fingerlike brown emanating projections on tergites; fourth and fifth transverse dark bands on tergites interrupted, fourth appearing as three broad vertical bands, fifth as fourth but widths of bands even narrower, medians of these bands form an uninterrupted line from fourth segment up to tip; connexivum with matching dark and pale areas ( Fig. 17 ). Female genital segments as shown in Figs. 18–20 , entirely dark brown ventro-medially but ochraceous laterally. First dorsal abdominal band about 1.25 mm long, second about 1.75 mm , third about 1.5 mm , fourth 2.0 mm including finger-like processes, fifth about 1.75 mm including finger-like processes; abdominal bands complete ventrally, situated in posterior halves of sternites in some places ( Fig. 2 ). Forewings translucent pale brown, veins slightly darker, with identical patches of brown blotches in middle part of both wings ( Fig. 9 ); hind wings short, translucent and colorless, veins pale brown. Vestiture. Entire body covered with sparse, long and curled hairs of different colors – cream, pale or dark brown. Entire head covered with long, colorless and dark brown setae; first antennal segment with long, black, sparse setae, second, third and fourth with short and dense setae. Pronotum with colorless and dark brown sparse hairs in respective areas; meso and metathorax laterally and ventrally with sparse hairs; scutellum with very few hairs; abdomen with long and short hairs; hairs relatively dense on mid and hind legs than on other parts; microchaetae present on mid and hind legs also long. Meso- and metasterna finely granulate and setose; two oblique, shining longitudinal broad bands on mesosternum without setae; inner side of these with two similar rounded marks at base. Structure . Head elongate oval; eyes large, globose; anteocular region slightly longer than postocular; clypeus prominent, projecting in front of antenniferous tubercles; interocular sulcus transverse, not passing posterior margin of eye. Base of anteocular part with a distinct pit medially near sulcus. Both anteocular and postocular areas slightly convex above; head more or less flat ventrally, slightly medially sulcate. Labium reaching base of fore coxae, first visible segment stout, first and second subequal in length, third longest ( Figs. 4–6 ). Thorax. Prosternum with a strongly ridged stridulatory area between fore coxae. Width of prothorax at anterior angles slightly broader than maximum width of head in dorsal view, gradually narrowed posteriorly, almost parallel-sided in its middle region, then slightly expanding in hind lobe; hind lobe with distinct median carina ending in prominent mid-dorsal tubercle at posterior margin ( Fig. 7 ); humeral angles laterally blunt and slightly produced backward, posterior margin concave ( Figs. 3 , 7 ). Fore coxa moderately long, only slightly dilated at base, otherwise of uniform breadth. Fore femur long, as broad as coxa, provided with at least three types of spiniform processes arranged in two series: posteroventral series starting very close to base (first process being 0.5 mm from tip of trochanter); anteroventral series starting slightly distally, first spine being 1.8 mm from tip of trochanter; all spiniform processes with broad base and sharp black pointed process distally; with at least ten long processes in posteroventral series and seven to eight similar processes in anteroventral series; apical 2 mm part of fore femur with very minute spiniform processes ( Fig. 13 ). Fore tibia more slender than both coxa and femur, also slightly curved; tibia and tarsus together slightly shorter than femur. Tibia with single row of small, stiff spiniform processes on ventral surface ( Figs. 12, 14 ). Fore tarsus three-segmented, segments subequal in length; outer claw with six comb-like, small spines close to base ( Fig. 15 ). Mid and hind legs very long and slender, without any spiniform processes; both mid and hind femora extending beyond tip of abdomen ( Figs. 1–2 ) and pilose ( Fig. 16 ). Forewings broad, extending beyond abdominal tip by about 2 mm , with venation as shown in Fig. 9 . Abdomen slender, parallel-sided. Intersegmental boundaries indistinct dorsally, visible at places and marked by dark band ventrally. Eighth tergite transverse, small, ninth not sclerotized ( Fig. 18 ). Seventh sternite moderately large, slightly emarginate posteriorly, not entirely covering gonocoxites; syngonapophysis visible ( Fig. 19 ). Lateral view of female terminalia as in Fig. 20 . Measurements (in mm). Total length (from apex of head tip of forewing) 28.0. Head length 2.5, eye diameter from lateral side 0.5; anteocular region 1.7, postocular 1.0; with of head at eye 1.5, interocular distance 0.8, width at level of antenniferous tubercles 0.8, width immediately posteriad of eye 1; width of narrowest region of neck 0.5; length of antennal segments I 17.0, II 18.0, III 1.1, IV 2.1; length of visible labial segments I 1.0, II 1.0, III 1.2; length of pronotum 6.4, width at anterior angles in dorsal view 1.6, width at constriction 0.5, width at humeral angles 2.5, length of fore lobe 3.9, of hind lobe 2.5. Lengths of fore leg: coxa 6.0, femur 11.0, tibia 9.0, tarsus 1.1; lengths of mid leg: femur 22.0, tibia 36.5, tarsus 1.0; lengths of hind leg: femur 28.0, tibia 44.0, tarsus 1.0; length of abdomen along meson ventrally 16.0.