Bioacoustics of Mugadina

This genus was recognised and described in detail by Moulds (2012, pp. 149–151) , only two species having so far been described. The recognition and descriptions of the five new ' Mugadina -like' species in this work are built on the descriptions and figures prepared by Moulds. Fig. 1 illustrates and compares the main morphological characters of M. marshalli (Distant) , the type species of Mugadina , and M. emma (Goding and Froggatt) . These two species are similar and not easily separated except by song (see below). Subtle differences appear to exist in the genitalia in ventral and lateral views ( Figs. 1C–F ), and in opercula shapes ( Fig. 1I , J ), which may be useful. Infuscation on the forewings is common in M. emma , but is variable, and not always present, while abdomen colour can be useful in Queensland (but not in inland N.S.W.), commonly yellow in M. marshalli , tending yellow-orange in M. emma . Both species are grassland cicadas, inhabiting wide areas in eastern Queensland and N.S.W., mostly west of the Dividing Range ( Moulds 2012 ; Popple 2014–2017 ), although far removed from the inland distributions of the new species described below.