Bioacoustics of Machima itatiaia

Description. Head . Head ( Figs. 1C, D ) weakly conical in frontal view; fastigium ( Fig. 1D ) as long as escape and pedicel length combined. Thorax . Pronotum ( Figs. 1B, C ) smooth with posterior margin weakly projected and lateral margins very pronounced; prosternum unarmed. Wings . Wings ( Fig. 1A ) developed, hind wing surpassing tegmen; stridulatory files of left and right tegmina ( Figs. 2A, B ) with 46 and 37 teeth, respectively. Legs . Legs ( Fig. 1A ) armed; foreleg femur with anterior genicular lobe with elongate spine, posterior genicular lobe with short spine, and ventral margin with two spines, tibia with four ventral spines and a single dorsal near tympanum; tympanum covered by cuticle; midleg ( Fig. 1A ) with femur with anterior genicular lobe with elongate spine, posterior genicular lobe with short spine, and ventral margin with two spines, tibia with four small spines, being two ventral smaller near apical portion and two larger near proximal portion; hindleg ( Fig. 1A ) with femur with five pairs of ventral spines weakly curved and two apical spines, tibia with seven pairs of spines weakly curved. Male abdomen . Cercus ( Figs. 2C, D ) developed, main lobe expanded at basal two-thirds; in dorsal view, with distinct accessory lobe in between basal and medial third directed dorsally with rounded apex; apical third abruptly narrowed and acute, directed inwardly; in lateral view, apex hook-shaped; subgenital plate ( Fig. 2E ) with broad base, posterior margin with V-shaped emargination and two developed styles. Coloration. Head ( Figs. 1 A–D) mostly light green. Pronotum ( Figs. 1 A–C) light green with black lines. Tegmen ( Fig. 1A ) green with small black spots. Hind wing ( Fig. 1A ) transparent with apex similar to tegmen. Legs ( Fig. 1A ) green with mostly black thorns. Cercus ( Figs. 2C, D ) and subgenital plate ( Fig. 2E ) brownish-yellow with apical parts black and brownish-yellow. Measurements (mm). Nine males ( holotype ): Total length 22–24 (22); Pronotum length: 6–6 (6); Tegmen: 34–37 (34); Foreleg: 17–19 (19); Hind leg: 54–61 (60). Taxonomic notes. As mentioned by Rehn (1950) , specific diagnostic characteristics among Machima species are found only in the male genitalia. Machima itatiaia sp. nov. stands out from all other species in the curvature of the main lobe of cercus. However, it seems to be more similar to M. scalprum in the shape of the apex of the accessory lobe. Unfortunately, no females are known for this species. The most recent specimens studied were collected attract-ed to lights between 2012 and 2018, and collecting efforts since then included several trips to the same place where these specimens were collected, especially during 2018 and 2019, but no additional specimens were collected.