Bioacoustics of Loxosceles tolantongo

Description Male ( holotype CNAN-T01317) Specimen collected manually, preserved and observed in 80% ethanol. MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.60. Carapace: 2.60 long, 2.30 wide. Clypeus length 0.25. Diameter of AME 0.20, PME 0.17, PLE 0.13; AME-PME 0.11. Labium: length 0.44, width 0.50. Sternum: length 1.40, width 1.25. Leg lengths: I (total 14.80): femur 4.0/ patella 0.9/ tibia 4.6/ metatarsus 4.1/ tarsus 1.2; II (15.20): 4.4/ 0.7/ 4.6 /4.4 / 1.1; III (12): 3.6/ 0.6/ 3.2/ 3.6 /1; IV (14.60): 4 /0.7 / 3.7/ 4.9/ 1.3. Leg formula: 2-1-4-3. PROSOMA. Carapace reddish, longer than wide, pyriform, dorsally with slightly dark brown ʻviolinʼ pattern ( Figs 1–5 , 16 , 26 ), which is darker brown than rest of body ( Figs 1–5 , 16 , 26 ). Carapace without lateral spots like other species. Six eyes in three groups, clypeus reddish brown ( Figs 1–5 , 16 , 26 ). Sternum pale reddish, longer than wide ( Fig. 17 ). Labium reddish brown, wider than long, fused to the sternum ( Fig.17 ). Endites pale brown basally, reddish brown distally and white apically. Endites longer than wide, rounded basally ( Fig.17 ). LEGS. Coxae, trochanters, femora and patella reddish brown, paler on femora III and IV ( Figs 1–5 , 16–17 ), and the rest of the leg browner ( Figs 1–5 , 16 ). CHELICERAE. Fused basally, reddish brown, stridulatory lines laterally. Fangs reddish brown, with thin setae around them ( Fig. 17 ). OPISTHOSOMA. Dark gray, paler posteriorly ( Fig 1–5 , 16 ), oval, longer than wide, and high ( Figs 1–5 , 16–17 ). Region of gonopore pale gray, with small setae. Colulus reddish brown, conical ( Fig. 17 ). Spinnerets reddish brown, cylindrical; anterior lateral spinnerets longest, posterior median spinnerets smallest, with long setae. Tracheae opening near posterior margin of opisthosoma. PALPS. Trochanters and femora pale reddish, paler ventrally in femora; patellae, tibiae reddish brown, longer than wide, wider in distal half than basal half ( Figs 20, 22 , 30–33 ). Tarsus oval, reddish brown, bulb spherical, embolus short, thick at base, narrowed to fine point ( Figs 20–25 ). Female ( paratype CNAN-T01264) Specimen collected manually, preserved and observed in 80% ethanol. MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.64. Carapace: 2.71 long, 2.56 wide. Clypeus length 0.34. Diameter of AME 2, PME 1.8, PLE 1.8; AME-PME 0.2. Labium: length 0.42, width 0.57. Sternum: length 1.56, width 1.36. Leg lengths: I (total 12.42): femur 3.6/ patella 0.88 / tibia 3.36 / metatarsus 3.40 / tarsus 1.18; II (16.65): 3.8/ 1.0/ 3.8 /3.45 / 4.6; III (11.72): 3.60 / 0.96 / 3.04 / 3.06 /1.06; IV (13.23): 3.44 / 0.96 / 3.52 /4.0 / 1.31. Leg formula: 2-4-1-3. Differs from male as follows: PROSOMA. Carapace brown and pale brown, with less defined dark brown ʻviolinʼ pattern ( Figs 6–9 , 18 , 27 ). Larger carapace. Sternum paler brown ( Fig. 19 ). Labium more reddish brown. Endites more reddish brown. LEGS. Coxae, trochanters, femora, patella and tibiae brown ( Figs 6–9 , 18–19 ). Metatarsi and tarsi dark brown ( Figs 6–9 , 18–19 ). CHELICERAE. Darker reddish brown. OPISTHOSOMA. Brown and pale brown ( Figs 6–9 , 18–19 ). Spinnerets paler brown. PALPS. Trochanters, femora and patellae pale brown, tibiae and tarsi reddish brown. Tibiae cylindrical, tarsi conical ( Figs 18–19 ). GENITAL AREA. Seminal receptacles asymmetric, S-shaped ( Fig. 28 ). Base of seminal receptacles oval and wide, sclerotized ( Fig. 28 ). See variation section for more details ( Figs 36–39 ). Variation Males Males collected from the Tourist Center Grutas de Tolantongo and from 500 m west of entrance No. 5 are pale brown, with legs the same color as carapace; in some cases the legs are darker than the body. The male holotype is darker brown that all other specimens. The male collected from ʻEl Paraisoʼ trail is dark reddish brown, with legs the same color as body. Tourist Center Grutas de Tolantongo, Municipality of Cardonal ( N = 5): Tibia I 4.1–5.4 ( x = 5); carapace length (CL) 2.2–2.6 ( x = 2.5), carapace width (CW) 2.1–2.3 ( x = 2). 500 m west of entrance No. 5, Municipality of Cardonal ( N = 2): Tibia I 4.1–4.3 ( x = 4), CL 2.2–2.4 ( x = 2), CW 2.0–2.2 ( x = 2). ʻEl Paraisoʼ trail, Municipality of Cardonal ( N = 1): Tibia I 5.2, CL 2.7, CW 2.4. The male palps present a little variation. In the case of the holotype the palp has more marked coloration and the embolus is wider at the base ( Figs 20–25 , 30–33 ). Females The female collected from the Tourist Center Grutas de Tolantongo is pale brown on carapace and legs. Females from 500 m west of entrance No. 5 are dark brown on carapace and legs. Females from ʻEl Paraisoʼ trail are dark brown on carapace, with light brown legs. Tourist Center Grutas de Tolantongo, Municipality of Cardonal ( N = 2): Tibia I 3.3–3.3 ( x = 3), CL 2.2–2.7 ( x = 3), CW 2.0–2.5 ( x = 2). 500 m west of entrance No. 5, Municipality of Cardonal ( N = 2): Tibia I missing–3.2, CL 2.6–2.6 ( x = 3), CW 2.2–2.3 ( x = 2). ʻEl Paraisoʼ trail, Municipality of Cardonal ( N = 6 ): Tibia I 3.1–3.9 ( x = 3), CL 2.4–2.7 ( x = 3), CW 2.2–2.4 ( x = 2). The seminal receptacles of females are S-shaped, asymmetrical and broadly variable in shape, even in specimens from the same locality ( Figs 36–39 ). The apical lobes are rounded in some specimens, oval in others, or even with a sharp tip ( Figs 28 , 36–39 ). The base of the seminal receptacles is variable, in some specimens it is wider, more rounded and more sclerotized than in others ( Figs 28 , 36–39 ). Natural history