Bioacoustics of Leuconemacris

1. Tegmen longer, reaching the base of epiproct............................................................... 2 –. Tegmen shorter, just reaching the 4 th 7 th abdominal tergite..................................................... 5 2. Male tegmen with costal area broad, maximum width 2.0 times as wide as subcostal area, maximum width of medial area 2.0 times or more than that of radial area...................................................................... 3 –. Male tegmen with costal area narrower, maximum width 2.0 times less than that of subcostal area, maximum width of medial area 2.0 times less than that of radial area.................................................................. 4 3. Tegmen longer, mean 6.9 mm in male or 3.5 mm in female; inner side of hind femur with 51 conical stridulatory pegs in male......................................................................................... L. litangensis –. Tegmen shorter, mean 5.3 mm in male or 2.3 mm in female; inner side of hind femur with 40 short thick conical stridulatory pegs in male............................................................................... L. xizangensis 4. Female tegmen longer, reaching half of 2 nd abdominal tergite; inner side of male hind femur with 54 conical stridulatory pegs which distally suddenly thinned, apex acute................................................... L. daochengensis –. Female tegmen shorter, not reaching hind margin of 1 st abdominal tergite; inner side of male hind femur with 50 long conical stridulatory pegs which distally gradually thinned.................................................. L. longipennis 5. Male tegmen with anterior margin nearly straight; length of head shouter than that of pronotum....................... 6 –. Male tegmen with anterior margin sinuate; length of head longer than that of pronotum.............................. 7 6. Male tegmen with precostal area broad, ending at 2/3 of whole length; costal area slightly wider than that of subcostal area; upper ovipositor valves with upper-outer margin smooth............................................. L. breviptera –. Male tegmen with precostal area narrow, ending at 1/2 of whole length; costal area 1.5–2.0 times as wide as subcostal area; upper ovipositor valves with upper-outer margin undulate....................................... L. xiangchengensis 7. Male epiproct rhombic, 1.3 times as long as wide; subgenital plate distally observably slimmed, long conical, apex acute......................................................................................... L. acuminata sp. n. –. Male epiproct triangular, as long as wide; subgenital plate short conical, apex blunt................................. 8 8. Male antennae longer, surpassing hind margin of pronotum, median segment 1.3 times as long as wide; tegmen with precostal area ending at 1/2 of whole length; furcula on hind margin of 10 th abdominal tergite distinct............ L. muliensis sp. n. –. Male antennae shorter, not surpassing hind margin of pronotum, median segment 0.8 times as long as wide; tegmen with precostal area ending at 1/3 of whole length; furcula on hind margin of 10 th abdominal tergite indistinct. L. xinlongensis sp. n.

Description and differential diagnosis. Size small. Head shorter than pronotum; vertex triangular, dorsum weakly depressed with median carina; interocular distance two times more than width of frontal ridge between antennae; fastigial foveolae absent; antennae stubby, not reaching or somewhat exceeding posterior margin of pronotum. Pronotum with anterior margin straight, posterior margin nearly straight with a small notch in middle; median and lateral carinae distinct, lateral carinae faintly incurved; hind transverse sulcus present, cutting or not median and lateral carinae. In male, tegmen abbreviated, dorsally touching each other, apex rounded, not extending apex of hind femur, median area all without intercalary veins, cubital area narrower than median area; in female, tegmen narrow scale-like, reaching 1 st or 2 nd abdominal tergite. Tympanum developed. The stridulatory pegs on the internal side of hind femur present. Male 10 th abdominal tergite with or without furcula. Epiproct triangular. Cerci long conical. Subgenital plate conical. Valves of ovipositor narrow, dentated or smooth along edges. In Arcypterini , Leuconemacris is closely related to Asulconotoides Liu, 1984 , Asulconotus Ying, 1974 and Ptygonotus Tarbinsky, 1927 in general features, especially in the invisible foveolae on fastigium of vertex, the posterior margin of pronotum medially incised, the undeveloped tegmina, also in the common adaptability to alpine meadow life. The chief difference among four genera sees the below key.