Bioacoustics of Laleonectes kuriya

Description. CARAPAcE ( FIg. 1A, B , 2A ) TRANSVERSELY SUbOVATE, DISTINcTLY bROADER THAN LONg (CW max/CL = 1.8– 1.9; CW pen/CL = 1.6); REgIONS WELL DEfINED, SEPARATED bY DEEP, SMOOTH gROOVES; DORSAL SURfAcE cONVEX, gRANULATE, WITH LARgER gRANULES ON ANTERIOR HALf. FRONT qUADRIDENTATE, MESIAL PAIR Of TEETH TRIANgULAR WITH ROUNDED TIPS, SEPARATED bY V-SHAPED cLEfT, LATERAL TEETH MORE bROADLY TRIANgULAR, MESIAL MARgINS LONgER THAN LATERAL, SEPARATED fROM ADJAcENT MESIAL TOOTH bY A RELATIVELY WIDER, V-SHAPED cLEfT. SUPRAORbITAL TOOTH [INNER SUPRAORbITAL LObE] PROMINENT, bROADLY TRIANgULAR WITH DORSAL RIDgE, SEPARATED fROM fRONT bY bROAD DEPRESSION; SUPRAORbITAL MARgIN cONcAVE, gRANULATE, WITH TWO NARROW cLEfTS, LATERAL cLEfT SEPARATINg REST Of SUPRAORbITAL MARgIN fROM EXORbITAL TOOTH; INfRAORbITAL MARgIN ( FIg. 2A, C , 3A ) gRANULATE, PROJEcTINg ANTERIORLY, VISIbLE fROM DORSAL VIEW, LATERAL JUNcTION WITH EXORbITAL TOOTH MARKED bY DEEP NARROW cLEfT, bROAD V-SHAPED cLEfT SEPARATINg LARgE TRIANgULAR INfRAORbITAL TOOTH fROM SMALLER TOOTH AND REST Of MARgIN. ANTEROLATERAL MARgIN ( FIg. 2A ) SLIgHTLY cONVEX, ARMED WITH NINE DISTINcT, TRIANgULAR TEETH WITH SHARP APIcES, WITH 1st [EXORbITAL] TOOTH SMALLEST, NARROWEST, AND 9th TOOTH LONgEST, MOST PROMINENT, LATERALLY DIREcTED TIP fORMINg MAXIMUM EXTENT Of cARAPAcE WIDTH, MARKINg JUNcTION WITH POSTEROLATERAL MARgIN. APEX Of 2nd ANTEROLATERAL TOOTH LEVEL WITH OR SLIgHTLY ADVANcED RELATIVE TO THAT Of 1st, IN DORSAL VIEW. IN HOLOTYPE , RIgHT 3rd, 4th TEETH MOSTLY fUSED EXcEPT AT APIcES. POSTEROLATERAL MARgIN SLIgHTLY cONcAVE, cONVERgENT POSTERIORLY, LINED WITH TWO SEPARATE ROWS Of SMALL gRANULES; JUNcTION WITH POSTERIOR MARgIN MARKED bY SMALL, SHARP- TIPPED, DORSALLY DIREcTED, cURVED TOOTH ( FIg. 2D ). POSTERIOR MARgIN SINUOUS, LINED WITH SMALL gRANULES. LONg, TRANSVERSELY SIgMOID gRANULAR RIDgE ON EAcH EPIbRANcHIAL REgION, EXTENDINg fROM bASE Of 9th TOOTH AND TERMINATINg JUST bEfORE cERVIcAL gROOVE; PAIRED, SHORT, HORIZONTAL gRANULAR RIDgES ON METAgASTRIc REgION. GRANULAR DENTIfORM PROJEcTIONS PRESENT ON SOME REgIONS: TWO ARRANgED SIDE-bY-SIDE ON EAcH PROTOgASTRIc REgION; ONE ON MESIAL SIDE Of EAcH EPIbRANcHIAL REgION (AT MESIAL TERMINUS Of EPIbRANcHIAL RIDgE); TWO ON RAISED PORTIONS Of EAcH MESObRANcHIAL REgION; TWO ON cARDIAc REgION. VENTRALLY, SUbHEPATIc REgION AND PTERYgOSTOME ( FIg. 3B ) SMOOTH TO fINELY gRANULAR, WITH 26 OR 27 ObLONg TUbERcLES fANNINg AcROSS fROM 2nd TO 7th ANTEROLATERAL TEETH Of THE cARAPAcE, DEcREASINg IN SIZE TOWARDS THE 9th ANTEROLATERAL TOOTH, bEcOMINg NEARLY INDISTINgUISHAbLE fROM OTHER SURROUNDINg gRANULES. EYES ( FIgS. 2C , 3A ) WELL DEVELOPED, cORNEAS LARgE. ANTENNULES ( FIg. 3A ) fOLDINg TRANSVERSELY AND SLIgHTLY ObLIqUELY, 2nd AND 3rd SEgMENTS LONg, SLENDER. BASAL ANTENNAL ARTIcLE ( FIg. 3A ) LONgITUDINALLY REcTANgULAR, SIMPLE, LODgED IN ORbITAL HIATUS, IMMObILE; fLAgELLUM RELATIVELY LONg, TIP REAcHINg cARAPAcE 2nd ANTEROLATERAL TOOTH WHEN EXTENDED. BUccAL cAVITY qUADRATE, LATERAL MARgINS PARALLEL; POSTERIOR MARgIN Of EPISTOME WITH SMALL TRIANgULAR PROJEcTION, bROADLY cONcAVE ON EITHER SIDE; ENDOSTOME WITH PAIR Of STRONg RIDgES. ENDOPOD Of fIRST MAXILLIPED, bROADENINg INTO SUbTRIANgULAR LObE DISTALLY, WITH SLENDER, SUb-ELLIPTIcAL AccESSORY LObE MESIALLY. THIRD MAXILLIPEDS ( FIg. 3C ) bROAD, fORMINg NARROW HIATUS WHEN cLOSED; IScHIUM SUbREcTANgULAR, WITH RELATIVELY SHALLOW bUT DISTINcT LONgITUDINAL MEDIAN SULcUS; MERUS RHOMbOIDAL, DISTO-LATERAL ANgLE PROJEcTINg, ROUNDED; EXOPOD STOUT, SUbREcTANgULAR, DISTAL END REAcHINg DISTO-LATERAL ANgLE Of MERUS, LATERAL MARgIN STRAIgHT, MESIAL MARgIN cONVEX PROXIMALLY, WITH SUbTRIANgULAR PROJEcTION SUbDISTALLY. MALE THORAcIc STERNUM ( FIg. 2B ) bROAD, ANTERIOR THIRD fINELY gRANULAR, POSTERIOR TWO-THIRDS SMOOTH. THORAcIc STERNITES 1, 2 fUSED, fORMINg bROAD TRIANgLE. THORAcIc STERNITE 3 SEPARATED fROM STERNITE 2 bY cOMPLETE SUTURE, ANTERIOR MARgIN Of fORMER RAISED SLIgHTLY AbOVE POSTERIOR MARgIN Of LATTER. THORAcIc STERNITE 4 INcOMPLETELY fUSED WITH STERNITE 3 , REMNANTS Of SUTURE 3 /4 LIMITED TO LATERAL EDgES, cONTINUINg MESIALLY AS V-SHAPED fURROW ; WITH MEDIAN LONgITUDINAL gROOVE ON EXPOSED REgION, cONTINUINg INTO STERNO-AbDOMINAL cAVITY AS MEDIAN LINE ; LATERAL MARgINS cONVEX, gRANULATE. THORAcIc STERNITE 5 WITH PROMINENT TUbERcLE NEAR SUTURE 5/6, fORMINg STERNO-AbDOMINAL LOcKINg MEcHANISM (PRESS-bUTTON). PART Of THORAcIc STERNITE 8 EXPOSED EVEN WITH PLEON fOLDED AgAINST THORAcIc STERNUM. SUTURES 4/5, 5/6 INTERRUPTED MEDIALLY, SUTURES 6/7, 7/8 cOMPLETE, JOININg MEDIALLY. MEDIAN LINE PRESENT IN STERNOAbDOMINAL cAVITY AT LEVEL Of STERNITES 4, 7, AND 8, AbSENT AT LEVEL Of STERNITES 5 AND 6. MALE PLEON ( FIg. 2B , 4E ) NARROWLY TRIANgULAR; PLEOMERE 1 SMALL, THIN, PARTLY bURIED bENEATH POSTERIOR cARAPAcE MARgIN; PLEOMERE 2 SHORT, bROAD, WITH TRANSVERSE RIDgE THROUgHOUT bREADTH; PLEOMERES 3–5 fUSED, WITH NOTcH ON LATERAL MARgIN DEMARcATINg JUNcTION Of PLEOMERE 3 AND 4, WITH TRANSVERSE RIDgE AT LEVEL Of PLEOMERE 3, cOMbINED LATERAL MARgINS Of PLEOMERES 4, 5 NEARLY STRAIgHT; PLEOMERE 6 TRAPEZOIDAL, bASAL WIDTH 1.7 TIMES MEDIAN HEIgHT, LATERAL MARgIN NEARLY STRAIgHT. TELSON SUbTRIANgULAR, MEDIAN HEIgHT NEARLY EqUAL TO bASAL WIDTH, TIP ROUNDED, LATERAL MARgINS NEARLY STRAIgHT, SLIgHTLY cONVEX. CHELIPEDS ( FIgS. 1A, B , 2E–H , 4F ) SUbEqUAL, ELONgATED, RELATIVELY STOUT. BASIS fUSED WITH IScHIUM, WITH LOW, TUbERcULIfORM PROJEcTION ON ANTERO-DISTAL ANgLE. MERUS RELATIVELY STOUT, ANTERIOR (fLEXOR) MARgIN WITH THREE PROMINENT, cURVED SPINES, REST Of MARgIN LINED WITH LARgE gRANULES; POSTERIOR (EXTENSOR) MARgIN LINED WITH SHARP gRANULES, DISTAL TIP WITH PROMINENT, SHARP SPINE; DORSAL SURfAcE WITH RIDgE cOMPOSED Of 10 STRIDULATORY TUbERcLES ( FIg. 4F ) NEAR PROXIMAL END, ARRANgED DIAgONALLY fROM fLEXOR MARgIN Of MERUS (AT bASE Of MOST PROXIMAL SPINE), EAcH TUbERcLE ObLONg, bISEcTED bY NARROW SLIT (NOTE: THIS RIDgE MATcHES NEATLY WITH LONgER RIDgE Of TUbERcLES ON SUbHEPATIc REgION Of cARAPAcE; RATcHETINg SOUND cAN bE PRODUcED fROM SPEcIMEN bY ScRAPINg ARTIcULATED MERUS AcROSS SUbHEPATIc REgION). CARPUS WITH DISTINcT SPINE ON INNER DISTAL ANgLE, DORSO-EXTERNAL SURfAcE WITH TWO SPINES (ONE bIg, ONE SMALL) AND TWO LONgITUDINAL ROWS Of SHARP gRANULES. PALM Of cHELA ( FIg. 2E–H ) ELONgATE; EXTERNAL SURfAcE WITH THREE LONgITUDINAL cRESTS, LOWEST cREST SURMOUNTED bY ROW Of SMALL ROUND gRANULES, UPPER AND MIDDLE SURMOUNTED bY ROW Of LARgER, SHARP gRANULES, LARgE bROAD SPINE ON POINT Of ARTIcULATION WITH cARPUS, MARKINg PROXIMAL END Of MIDDLE LONgITUDINAL cREST, SMALLER bLUNT SPINE ON DISTAL END Of UPPERMOST cREST; UPPER SURfAcE Of PALM WITH SHARP, PROMINENT cREST fORMINg INNER MARgIN, TERMINATINg DISTALLY IN SHARP SPINE, WITH SUb-MARgINAL ROW Of gRANULES; INTERNAL SURfAcE Of PALM WITH TWO SMOOTH LONgITUDINAL cRESTS, ONE MEDIALLY POSITIONED AND ONE PLAcED LOWER cONTINUINg fAINTLY INTO fIXED fINgER. FINgERS LONg, SLENDER, cURVED AND POINTED AT TIPS; EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL SURfAcES cHANNELLED WITH gROOVES; cUTTINg MARgINS LINED WITH LARgE, bROAD-bASED, POINTED TEETH INTERSPERSED WITH SMALLER, SIMILARLY SHAPED TEETH, OPPOSINg TEETH REcIPROcALLY fILLINg gAPS WHEN fINgERS cLOSED. MAJOR cHELA MUcH STOUTER THAN MINOR cHELA, cUTTINg EDgE Of DAcTYLUS WITH MODIfIED ELONgATE, ObLIqUELY ORIENTED TOOTH NEAR PROXIMAL END, OPPOSITE fLAT, MOLARIfORM TOOTH ON fIXED fINgER. FIXED fINgER Of MINOR cHELA DEfLEXED DOWNWARDS. FIRST TO THIRD AMbULATORY LEgS, P2–P4 ( FIgS. 1A, B , 4G ), LONg, SLENDER, UNARMED; MERI SUb-cYLINDRIcAL, LENgTH AbOUT 4.7–5.7 TIMES WIDTH; cARPI SUbcYLINDRIcAL, WIDER DISTALLY THAN PROXIMALLY, ANTERIOR MARgIN SUb-cRISTATE, WITH LOW, ROUNDED, LONgITUDINAL RIDgE ON DORSAL SURfAcE; PROPODI LONg, SLENDER, fLATTENED, LENgTH AbOUT 4.3–5.2 TIMES WIDTH, ANTERIOR MARgIN WITH LOW cREST, DORSAL AND VENTRAL SURfAcES WITH SHALLOW LONgITUDINAL gROOVES; DAcTYLI NARROW, SPATULIfORM, ENDINg DISTALLY IN SHARP cHITINOUS TIP, WITH fIVE SMOOTH cRESTS DISTRIbUTED ON ANTERIOR MARgIN AND ON DORSAL AND VENTRAL SURfAcES, LENgTH AbOUT 6.4–7.9 TIMES WIDTH. LAST AMbULATORY LEg, P5 ( FIgS. 1A, B , 4H ), MUcH SHORTER, STOUTER, DISTAL ARTIcLES fLATTENED AND WIDENED; MERUS AND cARPUS, SHORTER, STOUTER RELATIVE TO THOSE Of P2–P4, MERUS LENgTH AbOUT 1.9–2.4 TIMES WIDTH, cARPUS LENgTH AbOUT 1.5–1.7 TIMES WIDTH; PROPODUS AND DAcTYLUS MUcH fLATTENED AND WIDENED, ANTERIOR MARgINS Of PROPODUS AND ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR MARgINS Of DAcTYLUS LINED WITH fINE SETAE; DAcTYLUS ENDINg DISTALLY IN A SHARP, cHITINOUS TIP. G1 ( FIg. 5A ) cURVED LATERALLY AND OUTWARDLY IN SITU; PROXIMAL HALf WIDE, DISTAL HALf SLENDER, SINUOUS, ESPEcIALLY WHEN VIEWED LATERALLY; ON DISTAL HALf Of SLENDER PORTION, MESIAL MARgIN LINED WITH LONg, STIff, SPINIfORM SETAE, ON PROXIMAL HALf Of SLENDER PORTION, MESIAL MARgIN LINED WITH SUPPLE, PLUMOSE SETAE. G2 ( FIg. 5B, C ) LONg, SLENDER, AbOUT TWO-THIRDS LENgTH Of G1, SLIgHTLY cURVED, DISTAL TIP bILObATE, LObES SUbEqUAL. PENIS LONg, EMERgINg fROM gONOPORE ON P5 cOXA, ANTERIOR TO cOXO-STERNAL cONDYLE. Live coloration. DORSAL cARAPAcE AND PEREOPODS gENERALLY YELLOWISH ORANgE. DORSAL SURfAcE Of cARAPAcE WITH IRREgULAR SPLOTcHES Of RED, PARTIcULARLY ON METAgASTRIc AND cARDIAc REgIONS, LARgE gRANULES ALSO RED. PEREOPODS WITH RED AND ORANgE bANDINg PATTERN ( FIg. 6A ).