Bioacoustics of Isophya horon

Description. Male : Fastigium as wide as half width of antennal scapus, slightly convergent to laterally or with parallel sides, with distinct sulcate dorsally ( Fig. 2 ). Pronotum slightly divergent from prozona posteriorly, but distinctly broadened at metazona ( Figs. 3 A–C; 4A–B; 5A–B). Pronotum with dorsal margin in profile indistinctly concave and disc of pronotum slightly raised on prozona and metazona with straight or slightly concave caudal margin ( Figs. 3 A–C; 4A–B; 5A–B). Tegmina as long as or slightly longer than pronotum, tegminal disc as long as broad, acutely projecting at right margin of tegmen, emerging beyond right margin of pronotum ( Figs. 3C ; 4 A–B; 5A–B; 6A–B). Hind femur without spines on ventral surface. Epirpoct twice as broad as long with concave caudal margin ( Fig. 7 A–D). Cerci short, slightly narrowed to posteriorly; distal 1/5 incurved into an almost right angle, slightly narrowed and with a strong spine at apex ( Figs. 7 A–I; 8A). In some individuals, cercal apex with two black denticles linked by a thick carina ( Figs. 7 E–F; 8A). Subgenital plate broad basally, but distinctly tapering posteriorly, apex with a distinct median incision ( Fig. 9A ). Female : Fastigium of vertex as in male ( Fig. 1 B–C). Pronotum as in male, slightly widened from prozona posteriorly, but dorsum of pronotum nearly flat in profile, with distinct median keel on metazona ( Figs. 3 D–F; 5C– D). Tegmina oblong, as long as or shorter than half of pronotum ( Fig. 3F ). Subgenital plate triangular with projection on caudal margin ( Fig. 10 A–B). Gonangulum and lamella as in Fig. 10 C–D. Ovipositor relatively elongate ( Fig. 5D ), 2.41 times as long as pronotum. Ventral ovipositor valve shorter than dorsal valve measured at apex ( Fig. 10 E–F). Male Stridulatory file : The stridulatory file ( Figs. 11–14 ) is long (min. 2.917– max. 3.940 mm ), bearing more than 200 teeth (min. 186- max. 235, n= 6), which gradually widen towards the middle and gradually narrow towards the apex. The shape of medial teeth as in Fig. 14 . Spermatophore : The measurements of male’s spermatophore and absolute sperm number are shown in Table 2 after five successful matings. Generally, the spermatophore of I. horon was larger than that of other Isophya species. The spermatophylax was the largest part of the spermatophore and accounted for 68.48% 2.87 (mean±SD) of the total package. Both spermatophylax and ampulla were bi-lobed shape as in fig. 15A. After mating, typically the female consumed the first spermatophylax of spermatophore and then the ampulla ( Fig. 15B ). Bioacoustics : The songs of 10 male bush-crickets were recorded in the evening and at night. Totally, 30 syllables belonging to six males were measured. Male calling songs were produced mainly in the evening and night at laboratory (t= 25–27°C) and consisted of irregular sequences of isolated syllables ( Fig. 16 ). The syllables were repeated at about 7.075.79 (mean ±SD, min. 2.09, max. 29.67), lasted about 0.6690.0 62 s (min. 0.452, max. 0.740) and composed of 118.639.73 impulses. The amplitude of the impulses increased at first part (including average 66.639.0 8 impulses, duration: 0.3220.06) and decreased towards the end (average impulse number 48.2310.79, duration: 0.3230.067) ( Figs. 17A ; 18 A–B). The impulses were formed in a wider range in the last part of the syllable ( Fig. 17B ). The peak frequencies of both crescendo and decrescendo parts of the syllable were similar (24.932.89, 24.823.19 kHz, respectively). Body Measurement : Given in Table 1 . Color . See Figures 4 and 5. Species Sex Body size Pronotum Tegmina Hind femur Ovipositor I. horon sp. n. Male 24.52 3.97 4.40 15.32 -- Female 23.82 4.37 1.88 16.20 10.52 I. autumnalis 1 Male 21.75 3.85 4.25 15.40 -- Female 19.75 4.25 2.10 16.20 9.00 I. zernovi 2 Male Female 20.50 22.00 4.25 4.65 4.35 2.35 18.00 18.30 -- 7.50 I. karadenizensis 3 Male 17.65 3.50 3.50 11.55 -- Female 17.00 3.80 1.00 12.10 6.00 1 Karabağ, 1962 ; 2 Bei-Bienko, 1954 ; 3 Ünal, 2005

Male Stridulatory file: The stridulatory file (Figs. 11–14) is long (min. 2.917– max. 3.940 mm), bearing more than 200 teeth (min. 186- max. 235, n= 6), which gradually widen towards the middle and gradually narrow towards the apex. The shape of medial teeth as in Fig. 14. Bioacoustics: The songs of 10 male bush-crickets were recorded in the evening and at night. Totally, 30 syllables belonging to six males were measured. Male calling songs were produced mainly in the evening and night at laboratory (t= 25–27°C) and consisted of irregular sequences of isolated syllables (Fig. 16). The syllables were repeated at about 7.075.79 (mean ±SD, min. 2.09, max. 29.67), lasted about 0.6690.062 s (min. 0.452, max. 0.740) and composed of 118.639.73 impulses. The amplitude of the impulses increased at first part (including average 66.639.08 impulses, duration: 0.3220.06) and decreased towards the end (average impulse number 48.2310.79, duration: 0.3230.067) (Figs. 17A; 18A–B). The impulses were formed in a wider range in the last part of the syllable (Fig. 17B). The peak frequencies of both crescendo and decrescendo parts of the syllable were similar (24.932.89, 24.823.19 kHz, respectively).