Bioacoustics of Ibotyporanga naideae

Redescription Male ( Bahia ; ZFMK Ar 24357) MEASUREMENTS . Total body length 2.3, carapace width 0.90. Distance PME–PME 75 µm; diameter PME 75 µm; distance PME–ALE 30 µm; distance AME–AME 10 µm; diameter AME 60 µm. Leg 1: 4.99 (1.33+0.32 +1.27 +1.60 + 0.47), tibia 2: 1.05, tibia 3: 0.95, tibia 4: 1.37; tibia 1 L/d: 11; diameters of leg femora 0.21–0.22, of leg tibiae 0.10–0.11. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs mostly ochre-yellow, carapace medially and ocular area slightly darker brown, legs with darker rings on femora (subdistally) and tibiae (proximally and subdistally); abdomen gray with many darker internal marks dorsally and laterally; ventrally with distinct light brown plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY . Habitus as in Fig. 55C . Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.62/0.50), with pair of low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1. Abdomen globular; gonopore with four epiandrous spigots in two groups ( Fig. 4D ); spinnerets as in congeners ( Figs 6C , 8A ). CHELICERAE . As in Fig. 63A–B ; width 0.35; with very long median frontal apophysis directed upwards in proximal half; stridulatory files ( Fig. 10D ) fine but clearly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS . As in Fig. 61 ; coxa unmodified; trochanter with distinct ventral protrusion; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process slightly directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints and tibia-tarsus joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally approximately as long as medially wide; tarsus with small capsulate tarsal organ ( Fig. 13C ), without dorsal process; procursus ( Fig. 62A–C ) proximally wide and with prolateral process, distal part very long and slender, curved towards dorsal and lateral, with narrow but distinct light prolateral band; genital bulb ( Fig. 62D–F ) with very short and indistinct prolateral sclerite on bulbous part and strongly developed retrolateral tubercles on bulbous part ( Fig. 11E–F ); tip of embolus with small pointed dorsal apophysis. LEGS . Without spines but with longer hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with several rows of short vertical hairs on tibia 1; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 59%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~4–5 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct. Variation (male) Here, we divide the available specimens into three operational groups ( Fig. 60A ), without implying that these groups are ‘natural’: a northern group (Maranhão, Piauí, Tocantins) with the largest specimens, an intermediate eastern group (Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo), and a southern group (Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraguay ) with the smallest specimens. Tibia 1 in 16 males of northern group: 1.50–2.20 (mean 1.82); in 16 males of eastern group: 1.20–1.52 (mean 1.35); in 13 males of southern group: 1.10–1.30 (mean 1.17). Cheliceral apophysis length in males of northern group: 0.41–0.44; eastern group: 0.32– 0.38; southern group: 0.25–0.27. Genital bulb length in northern group: 0.55–0.60; eastern group: 0.46– 0.57; southern group: 0.42–0.45. Palpal tibia diameter in northern group: 0.26–0.30; eastern group: 0.24–0.28; southern group: 0.21–0.23. Apart from size variation, the course of the distal part of the procursus seems to be quite consistent within localities but variable among localities. However, this variation is difficult to assess, mainly because small differences in the angle of view result in very different images of the course. Also, the somewhat angular course in males from Bahia shown in Fig. 62A–C becomes more evenly rounded when the palp is slightly compressed by a cover slide (as was done for fig. 360 in Huber 2000 ). However, a more evenly curved procursus was also observed among the males newly examined herein (e.g., in males from Floriano, Piauí ). Female In general, similar to male ( Fig. 55D ); clypeus unmodified; tibia 1 with few short vertical hairs. Epigynum ( Fig. 64A–C ) anterior plate trapezoidal, relatively long, posterior margin almost straight, anteriorly with weakly curved, shallow pocket. Internal genitalia ( Figs 63E , 64D–F ) with heavily sclerotized median structure, with pair of relatively large, weakly sclerotized pore plates, and pair of convoluted ducts ( Figs 63F–H , 64G–H ) originating laterally from membranous transversal structure and leading into widened terminal sacs. Course of convoluted ducts apparently consistent across localities, but the original course is easily affected by the process of preparation. Median sclerotized structure apparently variable among sites: newly cleared female from near type locality (MPEG 11208) resembles drawing of syntype in Huber (2000 : fig. 364; anterior round element, posterior widening), while cleared specimens from Maranhão and Bahia appear slightly different ( Fig. 64D–H ; anterior round element indistinct or absent; not or barely widening posteriorly). Size variation similar to that in males: tibia 1 in 18 females of northern group: 1.67–2.23 (mean 1.96); in 22 females of eastern group: 1.40–1.70 (mean 1.52); in five females of southern group: 1.20–1.27 (mean 1.24); in three syntypes from Pará ( Huber 2000 ): 1.61–1.77. Epigynum proportions (length/width) fairly consistent across groups, but narrower anteriorly in eastern group than in other groups. Epigynum width in northern group: 0.52–0.64; eastern group: 0.48–0.60; southern group: 0.40–0.44. Epigynum length in northern group: 0.52–0.62; eastern group: 0.48–0.54; southern group: 0.40–0.48.