Bioacoustics of Heterophilus scabricollis

Description (Female) . Body length (from clypeus to elytral apex): 22.5–29.0 mm, maximum width (at humeri): 7.5–9.2 mm . Head and pronotum black, with some moderately long grayish pubescence. Scutellum black. Elytra, ventral surface of body and legs (femora and tibiae) black-brown to black with short grayish or brownish pubescence, antennae and tarsi usually lighter brown to red brown. Head subvertical in front; mandibles rather long, with sharp apex, crossed when closed; maxillae relatively reduced, palpus long, four-segmented, of which third the shortest, terminal segment tapering distally (apex appears truncated or sunken in dry specimens), apex with setae; galea with dense setae, lacinia reduced; eyes moderate in size, slightly emarginated, lower lobes larger than upper lobes. Antennae short, never extending to the middle of elytra, antennomeres slightly flattened but not serrate; scape stout, third the longest; fourth slightly shorter than fifth and slightly longer than sixth; fifth to tenth very slightly diminishing, last antennomere longer than tenth; relative lengths of segments from base to apex 8: 3: 12: 9: 10: 8: 8: 7: 7: 7: 8. Prothorax with weak lateral carinae extending from base to apex, but hardly visible in dorsal view ( Fig. 15 ); procoxal cavities widely open posteriorly, intercoxal process broad, expanded (bearing the secondary procoxal articulation) and deeply medially impressed in its lowest part and then abruptly declivous with broadly bifurcate apex. Mesonotum without median line, stridulatory plate present. Elytra about 2.5 times as long as the maximum width of prothorax near base, widest near middle, then gradually narrowed apically with rounded apices, and slightly dehiscent apically. Hind wings strongly abbreviated. Abdomen with ventrite V (sternite VII) wider than length with rounded apex and a small medial sinus; apical half of tergite VII exposed from elytral apex. Legs rather long, fringed with feeble hairs; pro- and mesotibiae with short and blunt teeth (shorter than surrounding hairs) on outer side; tibial spur formula 1/2/2; tarsi with third tarsomere cleft to 1/4 of the length, first tarsomere subequal to second and third combined. Fore coxae prominent, strongly transverse. Female genitalia ( Figs. 8–13 ) with paraproct long, its baculi quite thick, long and almost straight; valvifer indistinct; coxite narrowed posteriorly, each baculum broadened both inwardly and laterally at the base, though tapered towards apex, about 3/4 of the length of paraproct baculi; coxite lobes short but not very narrow, scleratized except for basal and apical portions, with tactile hairs at the apices; stylus apical in position, much smaller than coxite lobes, sclerotized except for apex which bears tactile hairs; dorsal baculi short and thick, not so straight but curved outwards; proctiger long, with two pairs of thin baculi, inner pair longer than paraproct baculi, outer pair about one third the length of inner (variable, sometimes subequal to inner). Vagina long and moderate narrow, swollen at base; vaginal plates and bursa copulatrix absent; spermatheca existing as a moderate large membraneous pouch (capsule), with a spermathecal gland, of which the size and shape are variable ( Figs. 11–13 ); spermathecal duct not clearly distinguished from membraneous spermathecal capsule, narrowed towards swollen part of vagina. Sternite VIII ( Fig. 8 ) with two quite strongly sclerotized lateral “baculi”, which followed two patches of apical setae, and attached to speculum ventrale at base. Anterior apodeme of sternite VIII (= spiculum ventrale = tignum, Fig. 8 ) much shorter than abdomen, ca 1/3 of abdominal length.