Bioacoustics of Hemirrhagus sprousei

Description: Holotype male CNAN-T0803 ( Figs 18 ̄19): body length 23.85, carapace: 10.28 long, 9.11 wide. Caput not markedly elevated; fovea recurved, 2.17 width ( Fig 18A ). Eyes: anterior eye row straight, posterior eye row recurved. Periocular pigmentation only in AME; ALE and PLE normally developed, AME reduced, PME poorly developed. Eye sizes and interocular distances: AME 0.175; ALE 0.325; PME 0.15; PLE 0.30; AME-AME 0.125; AME-ALE 0.175; PME-PME 0.70; PME-PLE 0.025; ALE- PLE 0.025. Ocular tubercle undeveloped, ocular quadrangle width 1.575, length 0.50; clypeus lacking ( Fig 18D ). Labium length 0.93, width 1.77; with 6 cuspules. Maxilla inner corner with ~130 (left) and ~134 (right) cuspules ( Fig 18E ). Cheliceral promargin with 12 (left) and 12 (right) teeth (proximal to distal: first medium, second-third large, fourth small, fifth medium, sixth small, seventh medium, eighth-eleventh large, twelfth small). Sternum length 4.5. Sigillae oval, first, second and third pairs hardly visible; posterior sigilla half its length from margin ( Fig 18B, G ). Leg formula: IV, I, III, II. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 13.18, 6.18, 13.83, 13.19, 8.65, 55.65. II: 11.89, 4.73, 11.83, 11.61, 8.11, 48.17. III: 12.63, 5.00, 11.70, 14.27, 8.78, 52.38. IV: 15.06, 4.99, 15.16, 18.15, 10.19, 63.55. Palp: 8.52, 4.08, 7.69, -, 2.74, 23.03. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.17 long, 0.28 wide, 0.43 apart; PLS, 2.07 basal, 1.93 middle, 2.37 distal; midwidths, 0.70 basal, 0.60 middle, 0.47 distal. Scopulae: tarsi I-IV entirely scopulated, II-IV divided by strong band of setae. Metatarsi I-II densely scopulated; III 50 % scopulated distally, divided by narrow band of setae; IV without scopula. Tibia I with two apophyses which do not originate from common base: prolateral apophysis normally developed, with one large spinose seta on ventral face, the spinose seta bent in middle exceeding apex of prolateral apophysis; retrolateral apophysis normally developed, broad base with one short, wide spinose seta on dorsal face, the spinose seta exceeds apex of retrolateral apophysis ( Fig 18J, K ). Metatarsus I straight ( Fig 18F ). Stridulatory setae: spinose setae on trochanter I prolateral located distocentrally, with four spinose setae large, curved ( Fig 18I ). With group of ca. 20 femur hard setae (FHS), congregated in a spot which resembles a harp, located basally dorsal on palp femur retrolateral face ( Fig 18H ). Palp trochanter with plumose setae retrolaterally, which are longer on proximal half. With plumose setae on palp coxa retrolateral face, trochanter retrolateral face, femur retrolateral face; leg I coxa prolateral and retrolateral faces, trochanter prolateral and retrolateral faces, femur prolateral face; leg II coxa prolateral face, trochanter prolateral face, femur prolateral face. Chaetotaxy (left side): femora I 2 p; II 3 p; III 2 p, 2r; IV 2 p, 2r; palp 2p; patellae none; tibiae I 2 p, 7v , 2r; II 2 p, 14v , 2r; III 2 p, 7v , 2r; IV 2 p, 7v , 2r; palp 2p, 7v , 1r; metatarsi I 4v ; II 1 p, 6v , 1r; III 3 p, 9v , 3r; IV 3 p, 12v , 3r. Palp. Embolus slender, longer than tegulum; subapical keel retrolaterally extended, ends at embolus retrolateral face; posterior curvature of subapical keel occurs before base of embolus, embolus with retrolateral accesorial keel dorsobasal on retrolateral face; retrolateral accesorial keel best seen in ventral-retrolateral angle; ventral groove deep; embolous curved retrolaterally on distal half ( Figs 19A ̄E). Urticating setae: lacking ( Fig 18C ). Color pattern: in ethanol yellowish. Live specimens are overall brown. Paratype female CNAN-T0804 ( Figs 20A ̄F, 21): body length 30.88, carapace 12.75 long, 11.27 wide. Caput not markedly elevated; fovea recurved, 2.50 wide ( Fig 20A ). Eyes: anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Periocular pigmentation only in AME; ALE and PLE normally developed, AME reduced, PME reduced. Eyes sizes and interocular distances: AME 0.175; ALE 0.325; PME 0.175; PLE 0.325; AME-AME 0.225; AME-ALE 0.275; PME-PME 0.775; PME-PLE 0.025; ALE- PLP 0.075. Eye tubercle undeveloped, ocular quadrangle width 1.95, length 0.575; clypeus lacking ( Fig 20C ). Labium length 1.87, width 2.10; with 4 cuspules. Maxilla inner corner with ~123 (left) and ~117 (right) cuspules. Cheliceral promargin with 11 (left) and 10 (right) teeth (proximal to distal: first medium, second-tenth large, eleventh medium). Sternum length 5.10. Sigillae oval, first, second and third pairs hardly visible; posterior sigilla half its length from the margin ( Fig 20B ). Leg formula: IV, I, III, II. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 14.33, 6.84, 14.06, 13.86, 9.05, 58.14. II: 13.79, 6.67, 12.70, 13.79, 9.26, 56.21. III: 13.38, 5.89, 11.99, 16.50, 8.58, 56.34. IV: 15.53, 5.91, 14.72, 20.55, 10.41, 67.12. Palp: 9.81, 5.13, 9.12, -, 9.01, 33.07. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.37 long, 0.60 apart; PLS, 2.70 basal, 2.13 middle, 2.83 distal; midwidths, 1.00 basal, 0.90 middle, 0.73 distal. Scopulae: tarsi I-IV entirely scopulated, III-IV divided by strong setae. Metatarsi I-II densely scopulated; III 50 % scopulated distally, divided by narrow band of setae; IV without scopula. Stridulatory setae: spinose setae on trochanter I prolateral located distocentrally, with four spinose large, curved setae ( Fig. 20E ). With group of ca. 20 femur hard setae (FHS), congregated in spot resembling a harp, located basally dorsal on palp femur retrolateral face ( Fig. 20F ). Palp trochanter with plumose setae retrolaterally, longer on proximal half. With plumose setae on palp coxa retrolateral face, trochanter retrolateral face, femur retrolateral face; leg I coxa prolateral and retrolateral faces, trochanter prolateral and retrolateral faces, femur prolateral and retrolateral faces; leg II coxa prolateral face, trochanter prolateral face, femur prolateral face. Chaetotaxy (left side): femora I 2 p; II 2 p; III 2 p, 1r; IV 1 p, 1r; palp 2p; patellae none; tibiae I 2 p, 7v ; II 2 p, 6v , 1r; III 2 p, 6v , 2r; IV 2 p, 8v , 2r; palp 1p, 10v , 3r; metatarsi I 4v ; II 1 p, 4v ; III 3 p, 8v , 3r; IV 4 p, 9v , 4r. Genitalia: spermathecae paired, receptacles separated at base, straight and slender throughout their length ( Fig 20D ). Urticating setae: lacking. Color pattern: in ethanol yellowish. Live specimens are overall brown ( Fig 21 ).

Diagnosis. Hemirrhagus sprousei sp. nov. can be distinguished from most Hemirrhagus species (except H. reddelli ) in having the stridulatory setae conformed by femora hard setae on retrolateral face of palp femur. From H. reddelli in the anterior median eyes slightly reduced, the posterior lateral eyes well developed and in the presenc e of retroalteral accessorial keel. They also differ in the arrangement of the plumose setae and in the leg formula. Hemirrhagus sprousei sp. nov. is identified by possessing the following character combination: male palpal bulb with slender embolus, longer than tegulum, subapical keel retrolaterally extended ends at embolus retrolateral face ( Fig 19C ), with retrolateral accesorial keel on dorsal basal embolus on retrolateral face ( Fig 19C ̄E); embolus curved retrolaterally on distal half ( Fig 19A ̄B). Ocular tubercle undeveloped; anterior median eyes and posterior median eyes slightly reduced; periocular pigmentation only in anterior median eyes ( Figs 18D , 20C ). With stridulatory setae conformed by femur hard setae (FHS) on base of retrolateral face of palp femur, plumose setae on retrolateral face of palp trochanter and four spinose setae distally on prolateral face of trochanter I ( Figs 18H , 20F ). Lacking urticating setae on abdomen ( Fig 18C ). Labium with fewer than 10 cuspules ( Fig 18E ). Spermathecae paired, receptacles separated at base, straight and slender throughout their length ( Fig 20D ).