Bioacoustics of Gryllacris (Pardogryllacris) longiloba

Description. Medium large species. Head: Face ovoid; forehead nearly smooth but very finely shagreened; fastigium verticis distinctly wider than scapus, separated by a transverse suture from fastigium frontis; ocelli distinct; subocular furrow present, but rather shallow and wide ( Fig. 12L ). Abdominal tergites two and three with stridulatory pegs. Wings reaching or little surpassing hind knees ( Figs. 11 C–D). Tegmen: Radius with two branches, both forked near tip; media anterior has a common stem with radius, arising as first posterior branch of radius at about end of basal third of tegmen; media posterior absent; cubitus anterior dividing into two veins before mid-length of tegmen; cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout; with 4 Anal veins the last two with a common stem. Legs: Fore coxa with a spine at fore margin; fore and mid femora unarmed; fore and mid tibiae with four pairs of large ventral spines and one pair of smaller ventral spurs; hind femur with 7–10 external and 6–11 internal spines on ventral margins; hind tibia with spaced spines on both dorsal margins, ventral margins with one pre-apical spine; with 3 apical spurs on both sides. Coloration ( Figs. 100 B–C): General color rather uniformly brown, vertex and pronotum with little distinct dark pattern: vertex with two or four light bands; pronotum with dark lines along furrows, four large light spots and dark hind margin. Face dark red; area around and including ocelli ochre yellow, spot around median ocellus very prominent; ventral areas of clypeus and labrum also yellow; vertex and antennal segments brown; maxillary palpi light brown. Tegmen semi-transparent yellow, veins light brown; in central area of tegmen except at base and tip cross-veins dark brown to black and accompanied by a very narrow dark band; hind wing semi-transparent ochre, main veins brown; cross veins blackish brown bordered by a dark brown band on both sides. Male. Eighth abdominal tergite globular, strongly prolonged behind; apical margin rounded but faintly concave in middle. Ninth abdominal tergite ( type F) with very base wide, quickly narrowing into a long process flipped in situ anteriorly: apart from basal widening forming an almost parallel-sided trunk, between one third to one half of length little constricted, in apical area strongly but regularly widening on both sides, at apex on both sides with acute angles and convex apical margin ( Figs. 14 A–D). Subgenital plate wider than long, lateral margins slightly diverging posteriorly; apical margin obtuse angular in general outline but in middle bilobate; styli about as long as subgenital plate in midline, inserted at lateral angles of apical margin ( Fig. 14E ). Female. Seventh abdominal sternite little wider than preceding sternites, with a weak medial furrow, in middle of basal margin little excised and surrounding membranous area dark; setose, especially in posterior area. Subgenital plate separated by a prolonged membranous zone from preceding sternite and with membranous ventral surface; lateral margins strongly sclerotised, at base running ventro-apicad, then curved backwards; margin curled ventrad over the whole length thus forming a distinct margination; apical margin subtruncate, faintly concave in middle ( Fig. 17L ). Base of ovipositor with a small button-like, in lateral view elongate sclerite at very base of ovipositor. Ovipositor elongate, in subbasal area moderately upcurved, in apical half straight, margins gradually approaching towards apex; apical area slightly thickened, tip subobtuse ( Fig. 17F ). Measurements ( 2 males , 4 females ).—body w/wings: male 38, female 32–38; body w/o wings: male 30–31, female 28–32; pronotum: male 5.0–5.8, female 4.7–6.5; tegmen: male 27–28, female 21.5–26.0; tegmen width: male 9.5–10.5, female 8.5–9.0; hind femur: male 17.5–18.5, female 15.5–18.5; antenna: male 150, female 95–120; ovipositor: female 21–25 mm .