Bioacoustics of Gomphocerus (Gomphocerus) sibiricus

References to song. Ragge & Reynolds (1998): recordings from Western Europe; Bukhvalova & Vedenina (1998): recordings from Eastern Siberia (Chita Oblast); Tishechkin & Bukhvalova (2009b): recordings from Eastern Siberia (Buryatia). Song. The main part of the calling song is an echeme lasting 20–30 s. The song begins quietly and reaches maximum intensity at about one third or a half of its duration (Figs. 13–15). A syllable repetition period averages 160–260 ms at 31–36 oC, the first two thirds or one half of a syllable usually includes 4–6 gaps (Figs. 16–19 and 24–27). At the end of an echeme, syllables of lower intensity repeated at a lower rate can follow (Figs. 20–23). Duration of this part and the shape of syllables vary greatly; sometimes it is almost reduced and includes only several low-amplitude syllables (Fig. 13). Comparative notes. Despite the fact that the mountains of Central Asia represent an isolated part of the range of G. sibiricus, the songs of the male from the Central Tien Shan Mts. do not differ from these of males from different localities in Siberia. The photographs of head, pronotum and antennae of the male from the Central Tien Shan Mts., which signals were studied are given on Figs. 28–30.