Bioacoustics of Goliathini

Few larvae of Goliathini from the world are described. Consequently, it is difficult to get a set of diagnostic characters that aid in distinguishing the larvae of the tribe Goliathini from the larvae of other Cetoniinae. But as a preliminary introduction, based on Oberholzer (1959) , Jerath and Unny (1965), Ritcher (1966) , Lumaret (1985), Donaldson (1987) and Morón and Arce (2002), we propose the following combination of characters as the diagnosis for the larvae of Goliathini : Frons with 1 posterior frontal seta at each side. Labrum symmetrical, anterior border trilobed. Clithra present. Plegmata absent. Scissorial area of right mandible with 2–4 teeth. Scissorial area of right mandible with 3–4 teeth. Mala with 1 terminal uncus, well-developed, conical, and 2–3 subterminal unci closely fused. Maxillary stridulatory area consisting of a row of 5–8 curved teeth with anteriorly projecting points. Ocelli present, vaguely defined or absent. Last antennal segment with 2–10 dorsal sensory spots. Tarsungulus cylindrical, rounded apically, bearing 6–15 setae, or with falcate process bearing 2–6 setae. Dorsa of abdominal segments 9 and 10 fused. Respiratory plate of spiracle of 8th abdominal segment slightly smaller than preceeding respiratory plates, or as large as these. Raster with or without longitudinal palidia, if present, each monostichous palidium with 7–38 pali.