Bioacoustics of Gasteracantha geminata

Diagnosis. G. geminata is most similar to G. k u hl i C. L. Koch, 1837 ( Song et al. 1999 , figs. 168G-H, M, S-T). Males of G. geminata can be easily distinguished from those of G. kuhli by the disto-median process of conductor ( Figs. 1 C, 2C) (absent in G. kuhli ), reniform paramedian apophysis ( Figs. 1 C, 2C) (circular in G. kuhli ), median apophysis with distoretrolateral serration ( Figs. 1 C–D, 2C–D) (median apophysis with prolateral serration in G. k u hl i ) and large, dorsally inconspicuous posterior opisthosomal spines ( Figs. 1 A, 2A) (posterior opisthosomal spines in G. k u hl i are short and dorsally conspicuous). Females can be distinguished by the M-shaped posterior border line of the epigynum ( Fig. 2 E) (posterior border line in G. kuhli is not M-shaped), posteriorly directed fertilization ducts ( Fig. 2 F) (fertilization ducts in G. kuhli are anteriorly directed) and the long, closely placed paired lateral opisthosomal spines ( Figs. 1 B, 2B) (lateral opisthosomal spines in G. k u hl i are short and widely placed).