Bioacoustics of Esophyllas synankylis

Description. Holotype male . Total length ~1.2. Carapace : length 0.54, width 0.41; microsculpture (refer to Fig 17 ), cuticular pores (refer to Figs 17, 18 ; type species SEM), general outline of carapace in dorsal view, coloration and most dark markings as in E vetteri n. sp. holotype although general coloration slightly darker, marginal band somewhat faded, infuscated area behind lobe lacking, and cephalic lobe more angular in front ( Fig 22 ), not rounded as in E vetteri n. sp. ( Fig 2 ), profile ( Fig 21 : typical profile); prosomal pits and lateral sulci as in E. vetteri n. sp. ( Figs 21, 22 ), cephalic height 0.35, clypeus 0.27 X cephalic height, cephalic width/carapace width 0.46; anterior setae near apex of lobe directed anteroventrally ( Fig 21 ), seta below AME recurved, 3 forward directed setae on mid-line (1 seta slightly offset) behind lobe. Chelicerae : 4 promarginal teeth, 2 retromarginal denticles; stridulatory striae ridged ( Fig 32 ). Eyes : ALE largest, ~1.1 X PME diameter, both eye rows recurved with PME and ALE in alignment (dorsal view), otherwise as in E. vetteri n. sp. Sternum & pedicel : length 0.33, width 0.32, otherwise as in E. vetteri n. sp. Abdomen : abdominal pattern (refer to Fig 25 for generalized abdominal pattern); epigastric plates over booklungs with reticulate stridulatory striae ( Fig 33 ). Legs : coloration as in E. vetteri n. sp. ; leg formula IV-I-II-III, femur I length 0.45, leg lengths I–IV; 1.47, 1.35, 1.12, 1.50, respectively, leg I length/carapace length 2.72, TiI l/d 5.3, TmI 0.32. Pedipalp : femur only slightly longer than cymbium, 0.22, 0.19, respectively, and 0.51 X femur I length, tibial apophysis arising at ectally directed angle from approximate center of subdistal margin of tibia, terminus forming darkened acutely reflexed attenuate barb with tip directed mesally ( Fig 29 ). Bulb : paracymbium ( Fig 28 : P) as E. vetteri n. sp. except distal tip not as enlarged or as strongly curved, with ~10 strong setae scattered on wide basal portion; conformation and orientation of embolus ( Figs 26–28 , 34, 35 ) as in E. vetteri n. sp. except with darkened embolus proper ( Figs 26 , 35 : E) longer, attenuate, with terminal spirally ridged and grooved portion dorsally offset and slightly tapering toward terminal ejaculatory opening; tailpiece short, quadrate, directed dorsomesally ( Figs 26 , 35 : TP); margin of fan-shaped distal suprategular apophysis irregular ( Figs 28 , 34 : DSA); form and articulation of membrane as in E. vetteri n. sp. ( Fig 35 : M; compare to Fig 16 ). Allotype female. Total length 1.40. Carapace : length 0.58, width 0.41, general coloration, texture and dark pigmentation around eyes as in holotype ; profile ( Fig 23 : typical profile), row of 5 forward directed setae along midline behind PME ( Figs 23, 24 ). Chelicerae : coloration as carapace, otherwise as in E. vetteri n. sp. except retrolateral margin of fang furrow equipped with 3 retromarginal denticles on both sides, stridulatory striae also ridged ( Fig 36 ). Eyes : ALE largest, ~1.4 X PME diameter, both eye rows recurved with line through center of PME extending between LE ( Fig 24 ), otherwise as in E. vetteri n. sp. females. Sternum & pedicel : sternum length 0.36, width, 0.32, otherwise as in holotype ; pedicel as in E. vetteri n. sp. allotype. Abdomen : pattern (refer to Fig 25 : generalized pattern). Legs : coloration and leg formula as in holotype ; femur I length 0.43, leg lengths I–IV: 1.37, 1.26, 1.11, 1.50, respectively, leg I length/ carapace length 2.36, TiI l/d 4.5, TmI 0.31. Epigynum : wider than long, dorsal plate triangular as in E. vetteri n. sp. ( Fig 30 : DP, VP); spermathecae slightly elliptical, separated by more than diameter of one, posterior margin anterior to copulatory, openings in shallow depression (more pronounced than in E. vetteri n. sp. ) at anterior junction of dorsal and ventral plates ( Fig 30 : S, CO, DP, VP); copulatory duct forming loop at about level of center of spermathecae and entering spermathecae at mesal margin ( Fig 31 : CD, S); posterior orientation of fertilization ducts ( Fig 31 : FD) Variation. Males (n=14). Total length 1.05–1.25; coloration of cephalothorax, chelicerae, and appendages varies as in the type species. Carapace : length 0.49–0.59 (mean 0.53), width 0.34–0.43 (mean 0.39); apex of lobe often lighter in color, cephalic height 0.28–0.35, cephalic width 0.16–0.22, cephalic width/carapace width 0.45–0.51, clypeal height 0.21–0.27 X cephalic height, profile of cephalothorax varies slightly ( Fig 21 ; typical profile), midline row of procurved setae posterior of prosomal pit varying in number, often missing (presumed broken off). Chelicerae : 4–5 promarginal teeth (4 most common), 2–3 retromarginal denticles (2 most common). Abdomen : variation in banding pattern as in E. vetteri n. sp. Legs : TiI l/d 5.1–5.6, TmI 0.30–0.33; leg formula usually IV-I-II-III, occasionally I-IV-II-III (3/ 14 specimens ), infrequently legs I and IV equal in length (1/ 14 specimens ). Pedipalp : palpal femur length/femur I length 0.46–0.55. Bulb : paracymbial setae ± 10. Females (n=14). Total length 1.15–1.40; coloration of cephalothorax, chelicerae, and appendages varies as in males. Carapace : length 0.51–0.59 (mean 0.55), width 0.34–0.41 (mean 0.39), cephalic height 0.22–0.24 (mean 0.23), clypeus height 0.27–0.32 X cephalic height; as in females of E. vetteri n. sp. dorsal profile line varies slightly ( Fig 23 : typical profile). Chelicerae : 5–6 promarginal teeth (5 most common), 2–4 retromarginal denticles (3 most common). Abdomen : variation as in males. Legs : TiI l/d 4.3–4.9, TmI 0.31–0.40. Epigynum : refer to ‘Diagnosis section’ of E. vetteri n. sp.