Bioacoustics of Eremippus

Male. Head. Vertical diameter of eye/minimum width of vertex between eyes 3.7–4.7, vertical diameter of eye/ length of subocular groove 1.85–2.1. Foveolae long, 2.3–3 times as long as wide. Antennae 1.7–1.8 times longer than head plus pronotum length, its longest medial segment 1.8–2.2 times as long as wide. Pronotum. The maximum/minimum widths between lateral keels 1.6–2.6. Third transversal sulcus straight or indistinctly curved. Internal margins of the mesosternal lobes divergent backward and 1.7–1.8 times wider than long medially. The length of hind femur 4.25–5.5 times longer than of its maximum width. Tegmina. 4–4.8 times as long as wide. Precostal area reaches from 4/10 to 5/10 the length of tegmina; precostal and costal area with white bands. Maximum width of costal area 2.1–2.3 times wider than the maximum width of the precostal area and 1.4–1.7 times subcostal area. Maximum width of medial area 1–1.3 times wider than the maximum width of subcostal area and 1.35–1.70 times wider than the maximum widths of the first cubital area. Abdomen. Tympanal opening 1.5–2.5 times as high as wide in the middle. Cerci reach to apex of anal tergum, length of cerci 2.4–2.7 times longer than the greatest width of it. Measurements (in mm). Length of body 10.5–12, head 1.8–2, pronotum 2.2–2.5, tegmina 8–8.8, hind femur 6.8–7.5. Description. Female (Allotype). Head. Vertex and frontal keels as in male ( Fig. 6 B); head, slightly narrower than pronotum or equal to it; vertical diameter of eyes/minimum width of vertex between eyes 2.75–3.8; vertical diameter of eye/length of subocular groove 1.5–1.6 ( Fig. 6 A). Foveolae as in male and 2.7–3.5 times as long as wide ( Fig. 6 D). Antennae filiform ( Fig. 6 E), 6.5–7 mm , longer than combined length of head and pronotum, its longest medial segment 1.65–2.3 times as long as wide. Pronotum , slightly widened in the middle and narrowed toward below, its frontal margin as in male, hind margin slightly rounded. Median keel as in male; third transversal sulcus indistinctly or distinctly curved toward. Typical transversal sulcus pass lateral and median keels; length of median keel before sulcus/after sulcus 1.1–1.5; lateral keels distinct and nearly parallel in the mezozona; the maximum/minimum widths between lateral keels 1.35–2.3 ( Fig. 6 C). Mesosternal interspace wide, internal margins of the mesosternal lobes divergent backward and 1.7–2 times wider than long medially. Hind femur long, its length 3.9–4.3 times longer than of its maximum width. Sternum and legs sparsely setae. Tegmina surpassed the abdomen and extend to the end of hind knees, 4.7–5.1 times as long as wide ( Fig. 6 F). Precostal area extends to middle of tegmina generally with false vein; costal vein generally slightly sinuate at the base of the tegmina and narrowed cell and false vein; the greatest width of costal area 1.1–1.35 times the greatest width of precostal area; its maximum width 1.4–2.3 times wider than the maximum width of the subcostal area; subcostal area widened in the apex; medial area extending almost along proximal 5.5/10–6/10 of the tegmen with false vein, its maximum width 0.9–1.5 times maximum widths of the first cubital area; first cubital area distinct with false vein and first and second cubital veins separate. Stigma absent. Alae as long as tegmina and with white veins. Abdomen. Tympanal opening 1.9–2.5 times as high as wide in the middle. Subgenital plate with long and sparsely setae ( Fig. 6 G); cerci not reaching to apex of anal tergum ( Fig. 6 H); dorsal and ventral valves brownish laterally ( Fig. 6 I) Coloration. In general, appearance light brown with dirty yellow and blackish pattern dorsally and yellowish brown ventrally; head and disk of pronotum brown and yellowish, lateral keels blackish-brown outer parts; tegmina brownish, with dark spots along costal, radial, medial and anal areas; precostal and costal area with white bands; hind femur as male, ovipositor valves blackish apical parts. Measurements (in mm). Length of body: 10.5–11, length of head, 1.8–2, length of pronotum, 2.2–2.5, length of tegmina, 8–8.5, length of hind femur, 6.8–7.5. Male calling song. A total of 7 records from one male were analyzed from Artvin, Turkey (recorded at 33– 38°C in the lab). The calling song comprises one phrase which has a crescendo structure ( Fig. 7 A). The phrase duration varies between 3.915– 5.129 s (4.481 ± 0.38; n=7) and consists of a triple grouped syllable (repetitive unit) sequence with gradually increasing amplitude. The phrases comprise 85–105 (96.14 ± 7.08) repetitive units with an interval of 8– 21 (14.80 ± 2.26) ms and a repetitive unit repeated with a period of 40–56 (44.21 ± 1.95) ms. Each repetitive unit includes 3 syllables (constantly). The syllable durations increase gradually from beginning to end of phrase ( Fig. 7B). The first syllable is most variable and mostly longer and louder (3–14 ms (6.82 ± 0.98)) than other two similar syllables (2–7 ms (4.83 ± 0.77)). The duration of intervals between syllables varies 3 to 9 (6.22 ± 0.82) ms and shows regular trend over the all syllables ( Fig. 7 C).