Bioacoustics of Emsleyfolium diasae

Description. Male. Lower edge and lower half of anterior edge outline of creamy white and slightly expanded sideways ( Fig. 1 D); anterior and lower edge of the side lobes gently curved, posterior edge straight until the humeral sinus ( Fig. 1 D). Stridulatory vein (CuP vein in dorsal view) as long as two thirds of the posterior edge of the pronotal disk, slightly curved from the anal to distal border; triangular mirror with a central area ovoid and membranous. Left stridulatory file convex, 5.3 mm long, its maximum width 0.9 mm . 171 teeth. Basal and apical teeth small, increasing in size towards central region of file. Teeth from central region of file thick, similar and close spaced ( Fig 2 A). Right stridulatory file concave, 4.5 mm long, its maximum width 0.5 mm . 139 teeth. Basal and apical teeth small, almost quadrangular and widely spaced. Teeth from central region of file thick and close spaced ( Fig 2 B). MA vein distally forked and with two additional branches on half of its length, that go to anal edge. Tympanum covered by 90–95% on both sides, fore femur armed with three spines, fore tibiae with five spinules in each ventral margin ( Fig. 1 F); mid femur with four spines ( Fig. 1 G), hind femur with a ventral lamina that has ten spines ( Fig. 1 H); dorsal margin of the mid and hind tibiae slightly serrate. Tenth tergite covering the epiproctus and distally divided into three lobes, the central lobe a little longer and thinner than lateral lobes. Cerci cylindrical, curved upwards and inwards in distal half section. Subgenital plate with cylindrical and robust pseudostyli prolongations, neckline of the subgenital plate square with straight distal margin ( Fig. 1 I–K). Female. Unknown. Coloration ( Fig. 4 A–B). General coloration green with creamy white stripes and some purple spots. Green white head. Lateral carinae of the pronotal disc and lower edge of the lateral lobe of pronotum outlined by a thick and creamy white stripe, midline of pronotal disk slightly delineated in creamy white, in the same way that the Sc, R, M and MP veins. Eyes, post-ocular stripe, last tarsomere of all legs and inferior edge of metapleura purple. Basal portion of the tegmina, between Sc vein and costal edge, pigmented in blurred whitish green.

Distribution. Emsleyfolium diasae sp. nov. seems to be widely distributed in Amazonian Rainforest, being present at four countries: Brazil , Colombia , Ecuador and Peru ( Fig. 3 ). Behavior notes. The Brazilian specimens were collected at night time, using a sheet light by a 250W white lamp, in Terra Firme dense ombrophilous forest. E . diasae were attracted between the 00:00 till 04:00am interval. They display a camouflage behavior, in which they lean their heads on the substrate, usually twigs and branches, elevating the rest of the body with their hind legs, at an approximately 45 degree angle. In this manner, they camouflage themselves as leaves. The tegmina resemble a leaf blade and the fastigium of vertex a leaf petiole ( Figs. 4 A–B). This behavior is similar to that shown by the Phaneropterinae genera Aegimia ( Dias et al , 2012 ) and Agaurella ( Mendes & Alves-Oliveira, 2015 ) . Emsleyfolium differs from Aegimia by its fastigium of vertex conical rather than flattened and from Agaurella for not having the laminar projections on the fore and mid legs that assists the individual to conceal the head while in camouflage stance. When touched, the katydids moved away from the stimulus either walking or jumping, commonly flying shortly after. After being captured, they loudly stridulate at a high frequency. This defense behavior, displayed when the individual is restrained is called a distress or disturbance call, and it is common in several insect orders. In Orthoptera , it is recorded for several families, as Anostostomatidae , Gryllacrididae , Gryllidae and Tettigoniidae, ( Robinson & Hall, 2002 ) . Other Steirodontini , such as Steirodon careovirgulatum Emsley, 1970 also stridulates loudly when disturbed ( Belwood, 1990 ).