Bioacoustics of Dubiaranea magatama

Description. Male holotype (FCE-Ar 13401). Total length 3.70. Carapace length 1.40, width 1.10. Clypeus height 0.30. Sternum length 0.90, width 0.70. Chelicerae length 0.70. Abdomen length 2.10, width 0.80, height 0.90. Leg formula I/II/IV/III; lengths (I/II/III/IV): femora 1.60/1.60/1.70/1.70; patellae 0.30/0.30/0.25/0.20; tibiae 1.60/1.50/0.90/1.40; metatarsi 2.10/1.80/1.10/1.80; tarsi 1.10/1.00/0.60/0.90; total 6.70/6.20/4.55/6.00. Palp (femur, patella, tibia, cymbium): 0.70/0.20/0.25/0.70. Separation coxae IV 0.20. Metatarsal trichobothria I–III present, IV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. TmI 0.09. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.075, PME 0.15 and PLE 0.075; AME―ALE 0.10, PME―PLE 0.075, AME―AME 0.06, PME―PME 0.125. Eyes with black margins, primarily AME and PME, setae present at ocular area. Eyes on black tubercles, mainly PME. Clypeus with tiny scarce setae. Chelicerae brown, granulated in anterolateral area and with small hairs; chelicerae paturon with numerous small hairs. Chelicerae promargin with four teeth in groups of two, retromargin with four tiny teeth, with setae between teeth. Dorsal spur in chelicerae absent. Chelicerae stridulatory striae scaly ( Fig. 3A ). Endites brown, except yellow serrula area, with setae. Labium dark brown. Sternum dark brown. Metatarsal lyriform organ present at distal end of metatarsus I ( Fig. 3B ). Legs long and slender, yellow; coxae pale yellow. Tarsal claws of leg I with main claws teeth crowded and similar in size, and middle hook with a subapical tooth ( Fig. 3C ). Carapace ( Fig. 1F–G ) light brownish, narrowed anteriorly, larger than wide, borders dark brown. Abdomen ( Fig. 1F–G ) oblong, longer than wide, dorsally brown with pale beige chevrons, laterally with two longitudinal pale beige bands with silver spots, ventrally pale black, prolonging after spinnerets. Spinnerets whitish brown. Coloration in live specimens see Fig. 4 A–C . Colulus whitish-brown, leaf-shaped, with setae. Paracymbium sclerotized ( Figs 1A , 3D ) with straight hook, large base, distally with acute apex. Paracymbium basal setae present ( Fig. 3D ). Embolus long, narrowed at apex next to the embolic membrane ( Figs 1A, 1E , 3D ). Embolic membrane well developed and bifid ( Figs 1A, 1E , 3E ). Protegulum present. Subtegulum large. Tegulum with sinuous margin and slightly sinuous duct ( Figs 1A , 3D ). Suprategulum sclerotized. Marginal suprategular apophysis crenate. Radix present. Tailpiece of radix present and sclerotized ( Fig. 1E ). Distal suprategular apophysis long and sclerotized, strongly bifid distally ( Figs 1A , 3D ). Lamella characteristica posterior apophysis large, distally pointed ( Figs 1A , 3D–E ). Median apophysis of the lamella characteristica rectangular and weakly serrated distally ( Figs 1C, 1E , 3E ). Anterior apophysis of the lamella characteristica short. Tibial apophysis absent. Palpal tibia with six macrosetae, two retrolateral and one dorsal trichobothria ( Fig. 1A ). Palpal patellae with a dorsal macrosetae ( Fig. 3D ). Fickert’s gland absent. Female paratype (FCE-Ar 10761). Total length 3.75. Carapace length 1.30, width 0.85. Clypeus height 0.24. Sternum length 0.65, width 0.55. Chelicerae length 0.69. Abdomen length 2.50, width 1.60, height 1.70. Leg formula I/II/IV/III; lengths (I/II/III/IV): femora 1.59/1.44/1.05/1.47; patellae 0.36/0.33/0.27/0.30; tibiae 1.50/1.23/0.75/1.17; metatarsi 1.59/1.35/0.96/1.29; tarsi 0.96/0.84/0.57/0.54; total 6.00/5.19/3.60/4.77. Palp (femur, patella, tibia, tarsus): 0.33/0.12/0.24/0.45. Separation coxae IV 0.15. Metatarsal trichobothria I–III present, IV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. TmI 0.14. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.06, PME 0.10 and PLE 0.06; AME―ALE 0.06, PME―PLE 0.04, AME―AME 0.04, PME―PME 0.14. Eyes ( Fig. 2E–F ) with black margins, mainly PME, setae present at ocular area. Eyes on black tubercles, mainly PME. Clypeus with setae. Carapace ( Fig. 2E–F ) brown, narrowed anteriorly, larger than wide. Chelicerae brown, granulated in anterolateral area and with small hairs; chelicerae paturon with numerous small hairs. Chelicerae promargin with five teeth, retromargin with six tiny teeth. Endites brownish to yellowish, with yellowish serrula area, with setae. Labium yellowish. Sternum dark brown with setae, finely granulated. Legs long and slender, yellowish-brown; coxae yellow. Abdomen ( Fig. 2E–F ) ovate, longer than wide, dorsally brown with pale beige chevron pattern, laterally with two longitudinal sinuously pale beige bands with silver spots, ventrally brown, prolonging after spinnerets. Spinnerets yellow brown. Coloration in live specimens see Fig. 5 A–C . Colulus whitish-brown, leaf-shaped, with setae. Palpal tarsus with claw. Female epigynum with ventral plate large, with setae, longer than tall ( Fig. 2A ). Dorsal plate narrow, tongue shaped ( Fig. 2A, 2C ). Median plate T-shaped ( Fig. 2A ). Spermathecae U-shaped ( Fig. 2D ). Fertilization ducts in posterior portion of epigynum. Copulatory ducts long and very conspicuous spiraled, like a corkscrew in lateral view, with median trajectory close to each other ( Fig. 2D ). Variation. Total length ( 6 males ) 2.6–3.8; carapace length 1.08–1.6, carapace width 0.72–1.12; femur I 1.56– 2.16. Total length ( 6 females ) 2.56–3.8; carapace length 0.92–1.36, carapace width 0.76–0.92; femur I 1.36–1.64. The colour pattern is quite variable, most of the individuals are dark, but some are lighter. In males, the shape of the suprategular apophysis can vary according to the angle of observation ( Fig. 1A–B ). The shape of the mesal apophysis of the lamella characteristica median apophysis varies from rectangular ( Fig. 1C, 1E ) to “swoosh”-shaped ( Fig. 1D ). In females, the shape of the margin of the median plate is always sinuous, but the degree of sinuosity can vary slightly among different individuals ( Fig. 2A–B ). Natural history. Male webs range from 5 to 10 cm in length ( Fig. 4A–B ) and can be found very close to females’ webs. Female webs can vary from 7 to 20 cm in length ( Fig. 5A–B ). Webs are built between low and thin branches of understory vegetation. In accordance with Hormiga & Eberhard (2023) terminology, webs of D. magatama n. sp. have sparse densities of lines and present sticky lines ( Fig. 5A, C ). Dubiaranea magatama n. sp. was found in swamp, riparian, hill and ravine native forests from Uruguay and the Atlantic Forest in Brazil ( Fig. 6 ). Most females have translucent epigynal plugs covering the atria.