Bioacoustics of Dracogryllacris nigromarginata nigromarginata

Figs. 15–17 Description. Size large for genus. Fastigium verticis narrow, about half as broad scape, margins not raised. Face with scattered impressed dots ( Fig. 15A ). Scape as long as eye. Eyes ovoid. Ocelli inconspicuous. Anterior margin of pronotum projected in middle, posterior margin nearly straight ( Fig. 15B ). Fore coxae with 1 small spine; fore and middle femora longer than pronotum, unarmed on ventral surfaces; tibiae with 5 pairs of spurs on ventral surfaces, the spurs decreasing in size to minute apical ones. Hind femora with 14–15 small internal and 8–10 external spines on ventral surface; hind tibiae with 6 pairs of spines on dorsal surface, apical area with 1 pair of dorsal spurs and 2 pairs of ventral spurs. Hind femora of male specimen from Guangdong with 10–14 internal and 10 external spines on ventral surface. Tegmina macropterous, surpassing the ninth abdominal tergite and reaching the apical third of hind tibiae ( Fig. 16 ). Tegmina (specimen from Hainan ): radius with RS branching little after middle area of tegmen, both forked near tip; media anterior free from base; cubitus anterior at base single branched, after divides into two branches before basal quarter, the anterior branch makes a curvature and receives a short connection branch from MA, in left tegmen it remains short distance then divides into MP and CuA1, while right tegmen remains single branched MP+CuA1 till tip; cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout; with 4 anal veins, the last two with common stem. Hind wings hyaline, surpassing than tegmina slightly longer. Tegmina (specimen from Jilongding, Guangdong , XZ192, Fig. 17H–I ). In left tegmen, MA divides into two veins; cubitus anterior free from base, undivided. While right tegmen, CuA at base single branched, after divides into two branches about basal quarter, the anterior branch makes a curvature and receives a short connection branch from MA and remains single branched MP+CuA1 till tip. Second and third abdominal tergites without stridulatory pegs ( Fig. 15D ). Ninth abdominal tergite curved downwards, split into 2 lateral lobes, spine-like, which crossed and pointed outside, the apical area of lateral lobe slender, apices acute ( Fig. 15G–H ). Cerci conical, nearly straight, apices subacute. Subgenital plate wider than long, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin nearly semicircular, slightly concave in middle ( Fig. 15G ). Styli slender, longer than other species of the genus, inserted on both sides of subgenital plate near apex. Coloration. Body tawny. Eyes brown. Ocelli yellowish. Mandibles black. Internal margins of antennal sockets black, basal areas of scape and pedicel, and basal articles of flagellum black brown, the other parts of flagellum yellowish brown. Dorsal surface of head with one pair of black stripes, between which brown ( Fig. 15A ). Pronotum with black margins ( Fig. 15B ). Apical areas of femora and basal area of tibiae of all legs black. All spines on hind legs black, the other parts of hind femora and tibiae tawny. Measurements (mm). Male ( holotype ): BL 36.0, PL 11.0, TL 43.0, HFL 25.0; male (XZ192): BL 40.3, PL 8.2, TL 39.6, HFL 21.6.

Figs. 18–19 Description. Male. head ovoid. Face with scattered dots. Fastigium verticis slightly wider than scape, fastigium frontis separated from fastigium verticis by a fine suture ( Fig. 18A ). Ocelli distinct, lateral ocelli suited on the lateral areas of fastigium frontis, and slightly smaller than median ocellus. Anterior margin of pronotum slightly projected in the middle, posterior margin almost straight; lateral lobes longer than deep, posterior margin rounded and directing downwards, humeral sinus indicated ( Fig. 18B ). Fore coxae swollen with 1 spine. Fore and middle femora unarmed, tibiae with 4 pairs of spurs and 1 pair of apical spurs on ventral surfaces. Hind femora with 13–15 internal and 9–10 external spines on ventral surface; tibiae with 6 pairs of spines and 1 pair of apical spurs on dorsal surface, ventral surface with 1 pair of subapical spurs and 2 pairs of apical spurs. Tegmina surpassing the apex of abdomen, reaching the apical area of hind tibiae. Tegmina ( Fig. 19C–D ): radius releases RS behind middle area of tegmen, both forked near tip. In left tegmen ( Fig. 19C ), media leaning on radius before basal quarter area, then releases MP, after short distance MA further divided two branches; cubitus anterior at base single branched, after divides into two branches behind basal quarter, the anterior branch makes a curvature and receives a short connection branch from MA and then remains single branched MP+CuA1 till tip ( Fig. 19D ). In right tegmen, media and CuA1 with common stem, and fuse a short distance with radius after then M+CuA1 divided from R; MA arises from M+CuA1 before middle area of tegmen and connects with RS and then immediately divided; MP+CuA1 divides into MP and CuA1; CuA2 arises from base and does not divided further. Both tegmina: cubitus posterior undivided, free throughout; with 4 anal veins, the last two with common stem. Second and third abdominal tergites without stridulatory pegs ( Fig. 18D ). Eighth abdominal tergite prolonged and apical area curved ( Fig. 18E ). Ninth abdominal tergite narrowing to apex with deep furrow in the middle, on both sides with a pair of oval swellings that terminate at apical margin into a compressed spine that in situ crossed each other before middle area ( Fig. 18G ). Cerci slender, its apices subacute. Subgenital plate longer than wide, lateral margins slightly terminating, posterior margin projected with 1 small triangular concavity in the middle ( Fig. 18H ). Styli cylindrical, apical half curved outward, apices obtuse; inserted on apico-lateral margin of subgenital plate ( Fig. 18I ). Female. Unknown. Coloration. Body brown. Ocelli pale. Genae bright mauve. Internal margins of antennal sockets black. Dorsal surface of head with 1 pair of black spots behind eyes ( Fig. 18A ). Margins of pronotum black which interrupted at the anterior margin of lateral lobes; anterior and posterior margins widened, but posterior spots extending the middle area ( Fig. 18B ). Dorsal surface of abdomen brownish ( Fig. 18E ). Apical areas of femora and basal areas of tibiae of all legs black. Spines of tibiae blackish or black. Measurements (mm). Male BL 34.0, PL 10.0, TL 40.0, HFL 22.0.