Bioacoustics of Damarchus inazuma

Description. Male ( holotype ): Body ( Fig 2 ) length 17.00. Color in nature: Carapace, chelicerae, and legs covered with white layer (unknown material) and abdomen dark grey. Abdomen covered by pale white spots and ventral abdomen and spinnerets pale white overall. Color in alcohol: Carapace, chelicerae and legs reddish brown. Abdomen dorsally pale gray and covered with pale white spots, ventral abdomen and spinnerets pale white overall. Carapace ( Fig 7A ): 9.30 long, 7.60 wide. Chelicerae 4.70 long. Eyes ( Fig 7B ): tubercle 2 rows with low mound, 4 eyes in each row; anterior row procurved; posterior row slightly recurved, almost straight. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.36, AME-AME 0.15, ALE 0.48, ALE-ALE 1.14, PME 0.24, PME-PME 0.75, PLE 0.45, PLE-PLE 1.29, AME-ALE 0.18, AME-PME 0.12, AME-PLE 0.36, ALE-PME 0.27, ALE-PLE 0.33, PME-PLE 0.09. Eye to fovea 6.30. Fovea ( Fig 7A ): strongly procurved to U-shaped. Three rows of setae on fovea. Rastellum of about 23 robust downward-curved setae on anterior margin of chelicerae. Cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth in one row, 10 mesobasal denticles. Fang aserrate. Stridulating strikers absent. Labium ( Fig 7C ): 1.59 long, 0.78 wide, without cuspules. Maxillae ( Fig 3D ): 4.20 long, 4.05 wide; serrula absent; 40–45 tiny cuspules each on posterior lobe, absent on heel. Sternum ( Fig 7D ) 4.20 long, 4.05 wide, posterior and medial sternal sigilla large but not confluent, anterior sigilla small, oval, on anterior margin. Spination: Tarsi I–IV aspinose. Leg I: femur, p1; patella, 0; tibia, p1 r2; metatarsus, p1 r3. Coupling spur and metatarsus ( Fig 3D–F ): leg I with small group of short velvet-like setae on middle of the segment with subbasal bulge, coupling spur, ventral, opposing tip distally unsclerotized; coupling spur stalk-shaped with 3 slightly curved long spines (2–3 times longer than wide and not intact) on wide digitiform or long triangular spines tip of the stalk ( Fig 3G ). Leg II: metatarsus scopulate, p1 v4. Leg III: tibia, d1 p2 v6; metatarsus, r5 v10. Leg IV: tibia, p5 r2 v4, metatarsus, p9 r1 v4. Preening comb on retrolateral of distal tibia IV with four spines. Legs measurements ( Table 1 ); formula: 4123. Segment Appendage Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Palp 3.90 1.90 3.40 1.50 10.70 Leg I 7.50 3.90 5.40 5.80 3.80 26.40 Leg II 5.40 3.60 4.92 5.34 2.88 22.14 Leg III 5.90 3.20 4.20 5.70 2.40 21.40 Leg IV 7.80 3.90 6.00 8.70 5.40 31.80 Scopula: entire on tarsi I–IV, distal 1/3 on metatarsus I and distal 1/2 on metatarsus II, not divided; elsewhere absent. Trichobothria: one zigzag row with 12–18 per row on tarsi I–IV. One row with 6–10 on metatarsi I–IV and two rows of 10 on palpal tibia and tibiae I, III. None elsewhere. Palpal tibia, and tibiae I–IV. Claws: S-shaped row of teeth with 10 teeth per row on all paired claws. Palp ( Fig 3A–C ): Cymbium aspinose, 2.07 long, 1.36 wide with long setae on anterior edge. Bulb 2.60 long, spherical, narrow on tip, embolus 1.60, long, tapered, pointed and slightly curved. Spinnerets: PMS : 1.25 long, 0.20 diameter, PLS: 4.50 long, 0.40 maximal diameter, length of basal, medial, and apical segments 1.32, 0.9, 1.11, respectively. Apical segment digitiform. Description. Female ( paratypes ), measurements were measured and average from all paratypes (N=4). Illustrations were collected from the specimen ARA–2021–272. Female ( paratype ): Body ( Fig 4 ) length 22.68±0.95. Color in nature: Carapace, chelicerae, legs orange and abdomen black. Abdomen covered by pale white spots and ventral abdomen and spinnerets pale white overall. Color in alcohol: Carapace, chelicerae and legs bright orange. Abdomen dorsally pale gray and covered with pale yellow spots, ventral abdomen, and spinnerets pale yellow overall. Carapace ( Fig 7E ): 10.30±0.74 long, 8.57±0.27 wide. Chelicerae 4.55±0.66 long. Eyes ( Fig 7F ): tubercle 2 rows with low mound; anterior row procurved; posterior row slightly recurved, almost straight. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.33±0.03, AME-AME 0.14±0.03, ALE 0.47±0.08, ALE-ALE 1.36±0.01, PME 0.29±0.05, PME-PME 0.75±0.04, PLE 0.34±0.04, PLE-PLE 1.43±0.07, AME-ALE 0.29±0.02, AME-PME 0.08±0.03, AME-PLE 0.38±0.02, ALE-PME 0.32±0.04, ALE-PLE 0.41±0.08, PME-PLE 0.08±0.11 (contiguous). Eye to fovea 6.27±0.41. Fovea ( Fig 7E ): strongly procurved to U-shaped. Three rows of setae on fovea. Rastellum of about ca. 23 robust downward-curved setae on anterior margin of chelicerae. Cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth in one row, 10 mesobasal denticles. Fang aserrate. Stridulating strikers absent. Labium ( Fig 7G ): 1.17±0.20 long, 1.85±0.71 wide, without cuspules. Maxillae ( Fig 7G ): 4.30±0.41 long, 2.12±0.26 wide; serrula absent; ca.45 tiny cuspules each on posterior lobe, absent on heel. Sternum ( Fig 7H ) 4.79±0.13 long, 4.79±0.16 wide, posterior and medial sternal sigilla large, not centrally confluent, Teardrop-shaped. anterior sigilla small, oval, on anterior margin. Spination: Palp: tibia p2 v2, tarsus v2. Leg I: metatarsus v5. Leg II: femur p1, patella p1, tibia p2 v2, metatarsus p1 r3 v7. Leg III: patella r2, tibia d6 r2 v6. Leg IV: tibia p3 r2 v6, metatarsus r2 v6. Preening comb on retrolateral of distal metatarsus III, IV with four spines. Legs measurements ( Table 2 ); formula: 4123. Appendage Palp 3.92±0.23 (3.60–4.08) 2.28±0.10 (2.16–2.39) 2.37±0.45 (1.92–2.80) 2.13±0.39 (1.84–2.70) 14.12±1.13 (11.70–19.44) Leg I 5.68±0.68 (5.04–6.64) 3.80±0.15 (3.60–3.92) 3.97±0.51 (1.92–5.60) 3.43±0.47 (2.88–4.00) 2.27±0.43 (1.80–2.80) 19.14±1.99 (20.72–26.70) Leg II 5.24±0.68 (4.80–6.24) 3.37±0.27 (3.04–3.68) 3.35±0.29 (3.04–3.68) 3.21±0.45 (2.80–3.84) 2.10±0.48 (1.50–2.64) 17.26±1.88 (18.72–24.30) Leg III 4.74±0.31 (4.56–5.20) 2.88±0.52 (2.40–3.36) 2.46±0.45 (2.04–3.04) 3.48±0.36 (3.04–3.92) 2.00±0.41 (1.60–2.56) 15.55±1.09 (15.42–20.48) Leg IV 6.26±0.83 (5.64–7.44) 3.77±0.17 (3.60–4.00) 3.96±0.54 (3.24–4.56) 5.50±0.89 (4.80–6.80) 2.54±0.49 (2.08–3.20) 22.01±2.64 (23.20–29.70) Scopula: entire on palpal tarsus, tarsi I, II, metatarsus I,distal 1/2 of metatarsus II, not divided; absent on tarsi and metatarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: one zigzag row with 15–18 per row on tarsi I–IV, one row with 5–8 on metatarsi I–IV and two rows of 6–10 on tibiae II, III, IV; None on elsewhere. Claws: two rows of teeth with 3–4 teeth on outer claws and 1–3 teeth on inner claws. Spinnerets: PMS : 1.19±0.06 long, 0.53±0.14 diameter, PLS: 1.87±0.63 long, 0.86±0.16 diameter, length of basal, medial, and apical segments 1.63±0.39, 1.08±0.14, 1.24±0.10, respectively; apical segment digitiform. Spermathecae: Divided into two long spermathecae. Each spermathecae form incurved stalk which narrowed apically. Spermathecal head is mushroom-shaped or semicircled. No secondary receptacles parts ( Fig 5A ). Variation: Variation present on spermathecae in size and shape ( Figs 5B–C ). Description. Gynandromorph ( paratype ): Body ( Fig 6 ) length 24.67. Remark: Pedipalp and leg I on the right side of spider are lost. Color in nature: (right) Carapace, chelicerae, legs covered with white layer (unknown material) and abdomen dark grey with ventral abdomen and spinnerets pale white overall. (left) Carapace, chelicerae, legs are orange and abdomen black. Abdomen covered by pale white spots; ventral abdomen and spinnerets pale white overall (right abdomen darker). Color in alcohol: (right) Carapace, chelicerae and legs reddish brown. Abdomen dorsally pale gray and covered with pale white spots, ventral abdomen and spinnerets pale white overall. (left) Carapace, chelicerae and legs bright orange. Abdomen dorsally pale gray and covered with pale white spots, ventral abdomen and spinnerets pale white overall (right side of abdomen darker). Carapace ( Fig 7I ): (right) 8.45 long, 3.77 wide; (left) 9.10 long, 4.03 wide. Chelicerae (right) 3.00 long, (left) 4.05 long. Eyes ( Fig 7J ): tubercle with 2 rows on low mound; anterior row procurved; posterior row slightly recurved, almost straight. Eye size and interdistances: (right) AME 0.33, ALE 0.42, PME 0.18, PLE 0.24, AME-ALE 0.15, AME-PME 0.09, AME-PLE 0.24, ALE-PME 0.24, ALE-PLE 0.12, PME-PLE 0 (contiguous), (left) AME 0.45, ALE 0.54, PME 0.29, PLE 0.39, AME-ALE 0.24, AME-PME 0.15, AME-PLE 0.21, ALE-PME 0.21, ALE-PLE 0.18, PME-PLE 0 (contiguous), ALE-ALE 1.26, AME-AME 0.15, PME-PME 0.81, PLE-PLE 1.38. Eye to fovea 6.93. Fovea ( Fig 7I ): strongly procurved to U-shaped. Three rows of setae on fovea. Rastellum of about ca. 23 robust downward-curved setae on anterior margin of chelicerae. Cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth in one row, 10 mesobasal denticles. Fang aserrate. Stridulating strikers absent. Labium ( Fig 7K ): 1.20 long, 0.60 wide, without cuspules. Maxillae ( Fig 7K ): (right) 3.45 long, 1.35 wide; serrula absent; ca. 45 cuspules each on posterior lobe, absent on heel, (left) 4.10 long, 2.00 wide; serrula absent; ca.70 cuspules each on posterior lobe, absent on heel. Sternum ( Fig 7L ) 4.08 long, 4.38 wide, posterior and medial sternal sigilla large, not centrally confluent, teardrop-shaped. anterior sigilla small, oval, on anterior margin. Spination: (right) Palp: tibia p2 v2, tarsus v2. Leg I: metatarsus v5. Leg II: femur p1, patella p1, tibia p2 v2, metatarsus p1 r3 v7. Leg III: patella r2, tibia d6 r2 v6. Leg IV: tibia p3 r2 v6, metatarsus r2 v6. Preening comb present on retrolateral of distal tibia IV with four spines. Legs ( Table 3 ), formula: unidentified. (left) Palp: tibia p2 v2, tarsus v2. Leg I: metatarsus v5. Leg II: femur p1, patella p1, tibia p2 v2, metatarsus p1 r3 v7. Leg III: patella r2, tibia d6 r2 v6. Leg IV: tibia p3 r2 v6, metatarsus r2 v6. Preening comb on retrolateral of distal metatarsi III, IV with four spines. Legs measurements ( Table 3 ), formula: 4123. Segment Appendage Femur Right Left Patella Right Left Tibia Right Left Metatarsus Right Left Tarsus Right Left Total Right Left Palp NA 3.90 NA 2.60 NA 3.38 NA 4.29 NA 14.17 Leg I NA 7.80 NA 4.03 NA 5.20 NA 5.20 NA 3.90 NA 26.13 Leg II 7.67 7.54 4.03 4.16 5.46 4.29 6.50 4.41 3.90 3.25 27.56 23.65 Leg III 6.11 6.11 3.25 3.12 4.16 3.12 6.50 5.07 3.38 2.47 23.40 19.89 Leg IV 8.19 8.84 4.29 4.55 6.50 5.20 9.62 7.80 3.90 3.90 32.50 30.29 Scopula: (right) entire on tarsi II–IV, distal 1/2 on metatarsus II, not divided, absent on metatarsi III–IV (palp and Leg I lost). (left) entire on palpal tursus, tarsi I–IV, metatarsus I, distal 1/2 on metatarsus II, not divided, absent on tarsi and metatarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: (right) one zigzag row with 12–18 per row on tarsi I–IV. One row with 6–10 on metatarsi I–IV and two rows of 10 on palpal tibia and tibiae I, III. (left) one zigzag row with 15–18 per row on tarsi I–IV, one row with 5–8 on metatarsi I–IV and two rows of 6–10 on tibiae II, III, IV; None on elsewhere. Claws: (right) S–shaped row of teeth with 10 teeth per row on paired claws Leg II–IV. (left) two rows of teeth with 3–4 teeth on outer claw and 1–3 teeth on all claws. Spinnerets: (right) PMS : 1.00 long, 0.32 diameter, PLS: 2.52 long, 1.36 diameter, length of basal, medial, and apical segments 0.80, 0.80, 0.92; apical segment digitiform. (left) PMS : 1.20 long, 0.52 diameter, PLS: 3.40 long, 1.60 diameter, length of basal, medial, and apical segments 1.12, 1.08, 1.20; apical segment digitiform. Spermathecae: Present only on the left side ( Fig 5D ). Similar to paratype spermathecae but more incurved of spermathecal stalk. (see Fig 5A–C ). Variation: No bilaterally symmetrical. Male characters present on right side and female characters present on left side.