Bioacoustics of Cybaeolus rastellus

Description Male ( holotype , complemented with data from other specimens when not visible in the holotype ). Total length 2.63. Carapace 1.06 long, 0.92 wide. Abdomen 1.64 long, 0.80 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances AME 0.05, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08; AME – AME 0.05, AME –ALE0.06, PME–PME 0.10,PME– PLE 0.09, ALE–PLE 0.02; MOQ length 0.16, anterior width 0.15, posterior width 0.24. Anterior eye row slightly procurved in anterior view, posterior row straight in dorsal view. Clypeus height 0.12 (2.4× diameter of AME ). Carapace castaneous with indistinct darker border, darker thoracic V-shaped mark, cephalic region weakly setose. Chelicerae orange-brown, without visible stridulatory file (weak stridulatory file observed in some specimens, on external-posterior side). Endites yellow-brown, longer than wide, posterior lateral edge strongly protruding ( Fig. 15C ). Labium light brown. Sternum castaneous, as wide as long. Opisthosoma distinctly elongated, dorsum: whitishgrey with three to four sepia chevrons posteriorly, mottled laterally, without setae expect on anterior dorsum; venter: mottled greyish-white with two indistinct longitudinal marks extending from epigastric furrow to base of spinnerets, darker around spinnerets. Palpal cymbium oval, copulatory bulb with small median apophysis ( Fig. 15E, H ), tibial apophysis long and procurved with several long, strong, upwardly curved setae at base, patellar apophysis recumbent on retrolateral side, with two or three teeth ( Figs 15D , 19E, F ). Spinnerets in relatively compact group ( Fig. 6A ), ALS pigmented, PLS and PMS unpigmented. Proximal segment of ALS 2.4 × length of distal segment; distal segment of PLS 0.24× length of proximal segment. PLS 1.1 × length of ALS . ALS total length 0.24; basal width 0.12, distal segment length 0.07, proximal segment length 0.17. PMS total length 0.13. PLS total length 0.26; distal segment length 0.05, proximal segment length 0.21. Spigot morphology: ALS with one major ampullate gland spigot flanked by nubbin, and 12 piriform gland spigots ( Fig. 6B ). PMS with one minor ampullate gland spigot and three aciniform gland spigots ( Fig. 6C ). PLS with five aciniform gland spigots ( Fig. 6D ). Epiandrous spigots absent ( Fig. 6E ). Legs orange-brown, all articles strongly annulated, lightly spined. Leg measurements (formula 1243): leg I (total 4.13) femur 1.19, patella 0.32, tibia 1.00, metatarsus 0.99, tarsus 0.63; leg II (4.07) 1.15, 0.35, 1.04, 0.92, 0.62; leg III (3.06) 1.04, 0.28, 0.68, 0.61, 0.45, leg IV (3.45) 1.05, 0.32, 0.81, 0.77, 0.48, palp (1.30) 0.44, 0.25, 0.22, -, 0.39. Leg formula 1243. Pattern of spines: Femora: I d0-1-0, p0-0-1; II d0-1-1 (or 0-1-0), p0-0-1 (or p0-1-1-0); III d0-0-1, p0-0-1. Patellae: I d1-0-1; II d1-0-1; III d1-0-1; IV d1-0- 1. Tibia: I d1-0-1, p0-0-1; II d1-0-1, p0-1-1; III d1-0-1, p0-0-1, v0-1-1; IV d1-0-1, v0-1-1. Metatarsus: III p0-1-1, v0-0-2, r0-0-1; IV p0-1-1, v0-2-2, r0-0-1. Female ( paratype ) . Total length 3.63. Carapace 1.13 long, 0.92 wide. Abdomen 2.28 long, 1.42 wide. Eye diameters and spacing: AME 0.05, ALE 0.07, PME 0.06, PLE 0.08; AME – AME 0.06, AME –ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.09, PME–PLE 0.06, ALE–PLE 0.02; MOQ length 0.21, anterior width 0.16, posterior width 0.21. Clypeus height 0.13 (2.6× diameter of AME ). Carapace cephalic region castaneous, shading to orange-brown laterally and posteriorly very faint radiating thoracic marks, weakly setose in cephalic region. Chelicerae length 0.47, ratio: 0.51, dark orange-brown, with prominent rastellum near base of fang. Endites short, as wide as long, without the posterior lateral extension of the male. Labium dusky. Sternum orange-brown, about as long as wide. Abdomen dorsum grey mottled with white, dark purplish-brown mark over cardiac region, dark band around posterior tip of abdomen, venter; without markings, sparsely setose along midline. Epigyne rugose, copulatory openings on shallow elevations ( Fig. 18G ), copulatory duct begins with a loop anterior to the spermatheca, continues with a second loop, and connects through the ventral part of the spermatheca ( Figs 18H , 20C, D , 23B–D ); accessory bulb as a small bump with gland ducts near the copulatory opening ( Fig. 18I ). Spinnerets in relatively compact group ( Fig. 5A ), ALS conical with wide base, distal segment of PLS very short, proximal segment of ALS 5.5 × length of distal segment; distal segment of PLS 0.19× length of proximal segment: PLS 1.2 × length of ALS . ALS total length 0.26; basal width 0.15, distal segment length 0.04, proximal segment length 0.22. PMS total length 0.20. PLS total length 0.31; distal segment length 0.05, proximal segment length 0.26. Spigot morphology: ALS with one major ampullate gland spigot flanked by a nubbin and 13 piriform gland spigots ( Fig. 5B ). PMS with one minor ampullate gland spigot, two cylindrical gland spigots, and eight aciniform gland spigots ( Fig. 5C ). PLS with one cylindrical gland spigot and 11 aciniform gland spigots ( Fig. 5D ). Spinneret topology PLS 70 ° from ALS ; PMS 45–50 ° anterior to ALS . Legs orange-brown, without distinct annulations but with dusky patches ventrally on femora and distally on metatarsus, pedipalp tarsi and tibiae dark orange-brown with patellae and femora a sharply contrasting light straw colour. Legs measurements: leg I (total 3.84), femur 1.11, patella 0.31, tibia 0.95, metatarsus 0.83, tarsus 0.64; leg II (3.86) 1.10, 0.37, 0.94, 0.90, 0.55; leg III (2.91) 0.90, 0.29, 0.64, 0.67, 0.41, leg IV (3.57) 1.06, 0.30, 0.86, 0.82, 0.53, palp (1.18), 0.33, 0.20, 0.27, -, 0.38. Pattern of spines: pedipalp patellae: d1-0- 1; tibiae: d1-0-0, p0-0-1; tarsi: d1-0-0, p1-1-1, v0-0-2, r1-1-1. Femora: I d0-0-1, p0-0-1 (or 2); II d0-0-1. Patellae all with: d1-0-1. Tibiae: I d1-0-1, p0-0-1; II d1-0-1, p0-0-1; III d1-0- 1, p0-0-1, vO1-1; IV d1-0-1, v0-1-1. Metatarsi: III and IV as male. Trichobothrial distribution tibiae: d1-2, metatarsi: d0-0- 1, tarsi: d0-1-0 or 0-1-1-0 ( Fig. 18D ).