Bioacoustics of Cleotomiris

Discussion. Although this genus is superficially similar to Cleotomiroides , the male and female genitalic structures of these genera are significantly different from each other (see YASUNAGA 2012 , DUWAL et al. 2017 ). YASUNAGA (2012) suggested that the similarity between Cleotomiris and Cleotomiroides was only superficial. Present observation also confirmed that some species of Cleotomiroides and Wygomiris are associated with broadleaf trees (on which immature forms were found, cf. Figs 12, 17 ) and lack the stridulatory mechanism. General shape of the female genitalia of Cleotomiris rather resembles that of Wygomiris . Almost all of the available specimens of these three genera were collected using UV light traps at well preserved subtropical or tropical forests. Therefore, members of these genera are currently considered to be arboreal. Our examination by a SEM could find out the stridulatory devices in two Cleotomiris species, C. miyamotoi Yasunaga ( Figs 66–67 ) from Okinawa Island, Japan and an (presumably) undescribed species currently represented by a single female from Yunnan Province , China (NMPC). This unique Chinese species has rather developed FWS+MFP ( Figs 132–133 ) which appear to retain the original function (stridulation) although it is superficially most similar to C. miyamotoi or C. schneirlai Schuh, 1984 ( Philippines ) . From southern China ( Yunnan , Sichuan ) to northern Indochina, more than a few undetermined specimens representing at least three closely related species of Cleotomiris or Cleotomiroides are present. Therefore, definitive determination of these taxa is beyond a scope of the present study.

Diagnosis. General shape rather ant-like ( Fig. 13 ); small to moderate size (total length 3.0– 4.5 mm ); brown to fuscous basic coloration; more or less terete antennal segments II– IV; weakly swollen, trapezoidal pronotum that is not much constricted anteriorly ( Fig. 65 ); ear-like ostiolar peritreme ( Figs 71 , 131 ); presence of white fascia on clavus just posterior to scutellum ( Fig. 13 ); possession of stridulatory device (currently confirmed in two species, see Table 1 and Figs 66–67 , 132–133 ); weakly fleshy, apically convergent parempodia ( Fig. 68 ); and short endosoma with an apical spine of various length and a developed secondary gonopore. Further diagnostic characters and detailed description were provided by SCHUH (1984) .