Bioacoustics of Cheiracanthium exquestitum

Remarks Zhang and Zhu (1993) described C. exquestitum based on a single female holotype specimen from Jianfengling , Ledong County , Hainan Island . Zhang and Yin (1999) reported the male of C. exquestitum for the first time and redescribed the female based on the materials collected from Longsheng County of Guangxi ( 1♂ 2♀ , but with different collected date), Longshan County ( 2♀ ) and Luxi County ( 1♀ ) of Hunan . We re-examined the female holotype of C. exquestitu m (collected by Chuandian Zhu in 1975 from Jianfengling, Ledong County, Hainan Island) and a male described by Zhang and Yin (1999) (collected by Yongjing Zhang in 1996 from Longsheng County, Guangxi ). We found the female and male have distinctly different habitus (abdomen without distinct colour pattern in female, but with dense white freckles and a narrow medial longitudinal band in male) and different numbers of cheliceral teeth (chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth in female, but with 2 promarginal and 1 retromarginal teeth in male, so the male and female should be considered separate species. However, we found many female specimens of C. exquestitum and males of C. ningmingense are collected in pairs from the same type location as C. exquestitum and other places (see material examined, above); they all have similar habitus (body without distinct colour pattern), and the same number of cheliceral teeth. In addition, the male of C. exquestitum reported by Zhang and Yin (1999) and other specimens examined in their study were not collected from the type location of C. exquestitum . Consequently, we consider that males of C. ningmingense and females of C. exquestitum are conspecific. As a result, C. ningmingense Zhang and Yin, 1999 is synonymised with C. exquestitum Zhang and Zhu, 1993 in this study, and is defined as male of C. exquestitum . The male specimen from Guangxi described by Zhang and Yin (1999) as the male of C. exquestitum was misidentified by them, and by Yin et al . (2012) and Song et al . (1999) ; it may be a new species and needs to be studied further.