Bioacoustics of Ceratinella playa

Description .— Male ( Holotype , Fig. 8 ): Total length: 1.54 mm ; carapace length: 0.68 mm ; carapace width: 0.51 mm . Carapace smooth to slightly rugose, cephalic region unmodified, without pits, brownishorange infuscate with dark brown ( Fig. 4 ). Sternum wide brownish-orange infuscate, smooth, coxae of legs IV widely separated, posterior of sternum broadly truncate, its flat end about 1/3 sternum maximum width ( Fig. 5 ). Chelicerae uniformly colored as carapace. Cheliceral stridulatory file not evident with dissection microscope (visible as striae at 200X). Cheliceral fang straight, not shortened, unmodified; promargin with 1 large and 5 smaller denticles ( Fig. 4 ), retromargin with 2–3 smaller denticles ( Fig. 5 ) (small denticles on both margins equal in size). Abdomen unpatterned, scutum 0.75 mm long, remainder of abdomen 0.12 mm long. Scutum amber to orange with numerous large granules (anterior granules pointed and hooked) tipped with long setae ( Fig. 6 ), dorsal scutum extends over anterior of abdomen to near the pedicel. Epigastric scutum extends up only to pedicel. Abdomen pale tan, sclerotized and amber colored around spinnerets ventrally. Legs light amber; tibia II–IV with one dorsal macroseta; TmI 0.49, TmIV absent. Pedipalpal tibia with a thick, stout, curved apophysis ( Figs 10–12 ); tibial apophysis with a fine field of minute denticles on mesal side of tip (visible at 400X); embolus thin, coiled basally, not separate from ductule, no break or prong in distal half ( Fig. 10, 11 ), distally with final loop, distal loop not recurved upon itself at an acute angle (more gently rounded); radical tailpiece elongated and spiraled throughout ( Fig. 10 ); protegulum white to light gray colored, contrasting with darkened sclerotized parts; other details of the pedipalp are as in Figs 10, 11 . Female : Total length: 1.54 mm , carapace length: 0.75 mm , carapace width: 0.46 mm . Carapace colored like legs, chelicera slightly darker. Carapace setal pattern with 4 erect setae along midline. Sternum colored as carapace but more infuscate with dark brown. Cheliceral promargin with 2 large and 3 small denticles and retromargin with 2 denticles. Cheliceral stridulatory file not visible with dissection microscope (visible as striae at 200X). Abdomen length 0.79 mm , seta-crowned tubercles much less pronounced than in male, uniformly colored (no pattern nor maculations) dark brown, densely covered with semi-erect setae; without scutum. Legs light yellow to amber; tibia II–IV with one dorsal macroseta each, tibia I with 2 smaller macrosetae; TmI 0.44, TmIV absent. Posterior portion of the epigynal plate sclerotized as in Fig. 13 . Spermathecae only faintly visible through the cuticle and not extending beyond the epigynal plate ( Figs 14–16 ). Spermathecae oval, fertilization ducts strongly curved inwards, copulatory ducts short and curled/looped ( Figs 14–16 ).