Bioacoustics of Brevimunda trilineata

Description. Habitus typical of the genus, medium sized, head, pronotum and FW mostly dark-coloured ( Fig. 12 ). Head with dorsum flattened, pubescent. Rostrum dark-coloured with two lateral white stripes, about 0.7 times as wide as scapes, with apex roundly truncated (in dorsal view) ( Fig. 13A ). Scapes dark-coloured. Eyes distinctly projected anteriorly in dorsal view ( Fig. 13A ). Median ocellus round and small; lateral ocelli oval, located near eyes. Maxillary palpi cream-coloured; with apical segment longest, dorso-posteriorly dark-coloured, flattened and widened, with obliquely-truncated apex; with subapical segment very short, cylindrical and expanding apically, dark-coloured at both ends; third segment longer than subapical segment, cylindrical ( Fig. 13B ). Face in anterior view 1.1 times taller than wide; dorsum half black, ventral half (including clypeus) cream-coloured ( Fig. 13C ). Gena cream-coloured with tint of dark ( Fig. 13B ). Pronotal disc dark brown, pubescent; about as wide as long, barely widening posteriorly (posterior margin 1.1 times as wide as anterior margin); finely pubescent, with a row of strong setae along posterior and anterior margins; anterior margin of disc broadly concave; posterior margin of disc angularly convex ( Fig. 13A ). Pronotal lateral lobe 1.4 times as long as high, dark-coloured, with a cream-coloured spot in the middle along the posterior margin ( Fig. 13B ). Metanotal gland absent ( Fig. 13D ). TI slightly swollen; with inner tympanum open and having elongate, oblong tympanal membrane; with outer tympanum also open and having smaller oval tympanal membrane; TIII with 5 inner and 5 outer long spines in distal half, with small denticles before most proximal spines. Legs generally cream-coloured with irregular and sparse dark spots; Fs with more dark spots in the apical half; Ts generally with more dark spots. FIII with a black ring at apical third, knees dark-coloured. TIII with dark rings. TaIII with basal half cream-coloured and posterior half dark-coloured. Thoracic and abdominal segments dark coloured. Male. FW ( Figs 13E, 13F ) covering abdomen and surpassing apex of FIII. Colouration: yellow brown, with darker infumated spots; at the base with a diagonal white stripe across FW; along M with three elongated white/ cream-coloured spots at the basal third, in the middle (largest) and near apical third. Lateral field with intercalary triangle transparent, otherwise dark-coloured with dorsal half of cells between branches of Sc cream-coloured. Venation: without stridulatory organs, with longitudinal veins parallel; lateral field with R and M narrowly spaced apart, parallel and with transverse veins (especially in the basal half); branches of Sc parallel. Hind wings clearly surpassing FWs. Anal plate at anterior half with a pair of characteristic small transverse lobes at upper (proximal) half yellow in colouration, posterior half with two rounded indentation, cream-coloured with dark margins; cerci cream-coloured; posterior margin emarginated in the middle ( Fig. 14A ). Subgenital plate typical of subgenus, cream-coloured with small dark spots. Male genitalia as shown in ( Figs 14B–D ): pseudepiphallus [epiphallus] elongated, tapering slightly posteriorly, divided into two parts at posterior end and roundly and narrowly excised; posterior end produced into pseudepiphallic lophi [apical epiphallic lobe]. Pseudepiphallic lophi [apical epiphallic lobe] in dorsal view long and slender and pointing posterior-externally with apex obtuse; in lateral view with also slender, pointing dorsad (nearly perpendicular to pseudepiphallus [epiphallus]), apex rounded and with one or a few strong setae. Pseudepiphallic paramere [ectoparamere] in ventral view elongated and slender (more so than congener), slightly curved, anterior end widened lamellate fan-like. Ectophallic fold [rachis] small, slender and straight, taper posteriorly with apex obtuse. Female. Unknown. Measurements ( 2♂ , in mm). PronL = 2.1–2.2 (2.2); PronW = 2.2; FWL = 10.3–11.2 (10.8); HWT = 3.3; FIIIL = 9.3; TIIIL = 9.5.