Bioacoustics of Apiomerus maya

Description: Male: Macropterous, body elongate ovoid, 11.5–17 mm in length. COLORATION: Body overall predominantly black; antenna reddish-brown; anterior pronotal lobe black or dark brown; posterior pronotal lobe and lateral surfaces of the legs variable, often dark brown; venter of neck, margins of prosternal stridulatory groove, anterior coxal cavities, mesal surface of forecoxa, fore- and mid trochanter and femur, corial veins (partially or completely), anterior portion of connexiva 2–7, area around of abdominal spiracles 2–7, and pair of spots on venter of pygophore white to pale yellow (or tan in some older specimens); membrane of hemelytra either entirely brown or bicolored with basal portion darkened and distal portion hyaline. VESTITURE: integument generally densely setose; head with long thin black or white setae; pronotum, scutellum, corium, and pleura covered with short thick white setae interspersed with longer, less conspicuous black setae; fore and mid legs densely setose, hind tibia more sparsely covered and with a short metatibial comb; abdominal venter sparsely covered with long shiny setae; medial process of pygophore with dense patch of long black setae; mesal surface of paramere covered with short fine setae, apex with long erect setae. STRUCTURE: HEAD: longer than wide, elongate ovoid, anteocular and postocular region subequal in length, latter slightly convex in dorsal view; clypeus slender in dorsal view and apically blunt; labrum short and triangular; eye globular and weakly reniform in dorsal and lateral views, respectively; interocular sulcus deep and strongly curved; ocellus large, located on distinct tubercle, distance between ocelli greater than between anterior margin of ocellus and eye; antennifer near eye, short, and unarmed. Antenna: long, surpassing posterior margin of pronotum; scapus surpassing clypeus; pedicel subequal in length and diameter to scapus; basiflagellomere longer than distiflagellomere, diameters of both same as pedicel. Labium: segment 2 (first visible) short and stout, not reaching anterior margin of eye; segment 3 long and straight, reaching anterior margin of prosternum; segment 4 short and laterally compressed in cross section, reaching roughly to the middle of the stridulatory groove. THORAX: anterior pronotal lobe with rounded lateral margins, shorter and narrower than posterior lobe, vertex deeply sculpted with crescent-shaped furrow; longitudinal sulcus distinct, almost reaching anterior margin; posterior pronotal lobe smooth, disc slightly convex, humeral angle located anteriorly to posterior margin of pronotum, rounded, and the lateral margin of which forming an angle of roughly 90°; posterolateral margin of posterior pronotal lobe strongly keeled; scutellum triangular, margins rounded. Legs: coxa short and globular; trochanter subtriangular; femora cylindrical; fore- and mid tibiae thickened apically; foretarsus with two tarsomeres; mid and hind tarsus with three tarsomeres. Hemelytron: exceeding tip of abdomen by less than 1/4 of its length, corium well developed and leathery. ABDOMEN: strongly convex ventrally; connexivum expanded laterally beyond margin of hemelytron, abdominal sternites distinct. GENITALIA: base of the medial process of the pygophore wide and indistinct, rami inserted on posterior margin of pygophore, nearly vertical in lateral or caudal views; paramere thickened from base to 2/3 its length then weakly or strongly bent mesad, point of insertion is at the apical third of the pygophore, slightly hooked apically; inner margin of genital capsule (exterior rim of pygophore) with small protuberance; anterior opening of pygophore with smooth rim; tergite 9 divided into flat lateral sclerites and a medial membranous area; aedeagus elongate when inflated, with articulatory apparatus broad and triangular; dorsal phallothecal sclerite heavily sclerotized and arrow-shaped (with the exception of A. immundus which is subconical), apex reflexed and either slightly or deeply notched; phallosoma weakly sclerotized laterally and with transverse striations; endosoma with a pair of elongated basal dorsolateral sclerites, either flat or twisted apically; endosoma membranous and lightly striated; dorsal surface of endosoma with longitudinal rows of peg-like denticles (between 20–40 in total); Female: Larger than male, 11.5–19 mm in length, similar to male except for the following: COLORATION: usually lacking conspicuous white or pale-yellow markings on the mesal surfaces of the fore- and mid femur and lateral spots on abdominal sterna 3–5. VESTITURE: metatibial comb much longer than that of male; abdominal venter densely covered with stiff shiny setae. STRUCTURE: ABDOMEN: lateral margins of tergite 8 rounded and not produced as deflexed lobes. GENITALIA: syntergite 9/10 roughly trapezoidal, lateral margins rounded; gonocoxa 8 large, L-shaped to roughly quadrangular, posterior margin lined with 20-30 very short, stout setae; gonoplac mitten-shaped, lightly fused medially, each side bearing a thumb-like dorsal medial projection topped with roughly two setae, and a strongly sclerotized posteriorly projecting lobe covered with many setae.