Bioacoustics of Aamunops

Description. Small to medium-sized caponiids. Carapace surface orange, weak patterned; oval, narrowed anteriorly to about a half its maximum width ( Figs. 1 , 19 , 38 , 57 ), pars cephalica in lateral view rounded, with slight depressions opposite intercoxal spaces, pars thoracica flat and short, sloping posteriorly ( Figs. 2 , 20 , 39 , 58 ). Cuticle of carapace reticulated with hexagonal cells, thoracic groove indistinct, carapace covered with long, strong setae mostly concentrated behind eyes, on the clypeal area, around the midline of the pars cephalica and over the depressions ( Figs. 1 , 38, 41 ). Two eyes, separated by about a half their diameter and surrounded by a semicircular area of black pigment. Clypeus about twice the diameter of eyes. Cheliceral paturon orange, covered with long, weak setae; prolateral surface with a long median lamina and a white membranous lobe near to the fang base; retrolateral surface with closely spaced stridulatory ridges in both sexes; pick on the prolateral side of palpal femur near to its proximal portion ( Brescovit & Sanchez-Ruiz 2016 : figs. 4A, F). Endites pale orange, except near the pedipalp joint, convergent along midline but not touching, serrula consisting of a single row of teeth, anterior edge quadrangular, internally with white membranous projections, endite middle section wider and forming an angle of about 90 degrees on the retrolateral margin ( Figs. 5 , 42 ), endite posterior margin quadrangular. Labium orange, triangular, fused to sternum, covered with scattered, long setae ( Fig. 23 ). Sternum orange, margin darker, longer than wide, not fused to carapace, sculptured with hexagonal cells, covered with long, stiff setae ( Figs. 5 , 61 ); cephalothoracic membranes with sclerotized epimeric extensions above coxae I, II and, III plus IV, the latter shorter; not fused with triangular intercoxal sclerites of sternum, long precoxal triangles on coxae II-IV (arrow Fig. 42 ). Legs orange, coxae and trochanters pale orange; formula: 4123; setose, without spines; anterior femora and tibiae enlarged; metatarsi entire, with dorsal metatarsal stopper (arrow Fig. 12 ), anterior legs with crista , occupying 3/4 or less of the ventral surface in males ( Figs. 12 , 31 , 50 , 65 ), almost covering the metatarsus length in females ( Figs. 14 , 33 , 52 ); membranes separating anterior metatarsi and tarsi with gladius ( Figs. 33 , 52 ); all tarsi bi-segmented, proximal segment longer and wider than the distal one, with three claws; paired claws with five to seven teeth ( Figs. 18 , 53 , 67 ), the most distal largest, unpaired claws short on all legs, hook-shaped, lacking arolium ; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi with trichobothria in a single row; female palpal tarsus elongated, without claw, prolateral and ventral surfaces densely covered with strong setae, dorsal surface with a chemoreceptor patch of short, fine setae. Abdomen dorsum dark gray, lighter ventrally, elongated, setose ( Figs. 1 , 38 ); with slightly sclerotized epigastric and post-epigastric scuta ( Figs. 3 , 40 ); with two pairs of respiratory spiracles clustered below the epigastric furrow ( Figs. 10 , 28 ); anterior spiracles leading to wide, short tubular tracheae branching in numerous, long tracheoles; posterior spiracles each leading to four tracheal trunks, two large, fused at base, that extend anteriorly into the cephalotorax, the others narrowed directed posteriorly and branched in several tracheoles. Six spinnerets in typical caponiid arrangement ( Fig. 6 , 24 ); in males, ALS with only one major ampullate gland spigot, PMS with three aciniform gland spigots, PLS with five aciniform gland spigots; in females, ALS with one major ampullate gland and two piriform gland spigots, PMS with one minor ampullate gland and four aciniform gland spigots, PLS with five aciniform gland spigots. Male palpal patella shorter than tibia, cup-shaped; tibia excavated ventrally, with a prolateral brush on its distal portion ( Figs. 56 , 69 ); cymbium elongated ( Fig. 9 ), swollen in A. chimpa ( Fig. 27 ), prolateral and ventral surfaces densely covered with strong, long setae, dorsal surface with a chemoreceptor patch of short, fine setae ( Figs. 22 , 25 ); bulb globose, spherical, originating from the proximo-ventral region of cymbium ( Figs. 7 , 44 ); spermatic duct with a small, hyaline process ending near the embolus tip ( Figs. 16 , 37 , 55 , 68 ); embolus long, short in A. noono , strongly sclerotized, curved, protruding from the center of the bulb, directed ventrally. External female genitalia with anterior plate slightly sclerotized on the postero-median region, posterior plate wide, oval; sclerotized around and between spiracles ( Figs. 10 , 28 , 47 ); internal genitalia consist of a transverse rigid plate, anterior margin dorsally curved, posterior margin with a median invagination ( Figs. 11 , 15 , 30 ); membranous anteromedian receptaculum formed by a sclerotized bifid duct that protrudes medially from the plate leading to a large, oval membranous sac-like structure covered with scattered accessory gland openings ( Figs. 11 , 15 , 48 ).