Bioacoustics of Vitreorana ritae

Diagnosis. Among Glassfrogs, Cochranella oyampiensis is unique by having a green dorsum with small black spots, a small size (adults = 20 mm ), transparent hepatic peritoneum, white gastrointestinal peritoneum, anterior third of ventral parietal peritoneum white, and a distinct prepollex. The only Glassfrog that could be confused with C. oyampiensis is C. helenae , which differs by having a yellow iris (grayish white with a fine dark reticulation in C. oyampiensis ), dorsum light greenish yellow with dark punctuations (green with dark with dark punctuations in C. oyampiensis ; Fig. 2 ), and a mostly white hepatic peritoneum (hepatic peritoneum mostly transparent, showing the brown liver, except for some iridophores on the upper border in C. oyampiensis ; Fig. 3 ). Characterization. (1) dentigerous process of the vomer with one tooth or lacking teeth; (2) snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views; (3) tympanum visible, moderate in size, its diameter 25.8–35.4% of eye diameter; tympanic annulus visible except for posterodorsal border covered by supratympanic fold; tympanic membrane differentiated and translucent, pigmented as surrounding skin; (4) dorsal surfaces shagreen; males and females lack spinules; (5) ventral surfaces granular, a pair of enlarged tubercles below the vent; (6) anterior 25–40% of ventral parietal peritoneum white, posterior portion transparent; pericardium and gastrointestinal peritoneum white; (7) lobed liver covered by an almost completely transparent peritoneum except for its anterior part that may be covered by a thin layer of iridophores; (8) humeral spines absent; (9) webbing between Fingers I–III absent, moderate between outer fingers; webbing formula: III (2– –2 1/3) — (1+–2–) IV; (10) webbing between toes moderate; webbing formula: I 1 — (2– –2) II (1–1+) — (2–2 1/4) III (1+–1 1/2) — 2+ IV (2–2 1/3) — 1 V ; (11) low ulnar fold, lacking iridophores; low inner tarsal fold present, lacking iridophores; outer tarsal fold absent; (12) nuptial pad Type I in males; distinct prepollex (distal portion separated from Finger I); (13) Fingers I slightly longer than Finger II (FII/FI = 0.840–0.921); (14) disc of Finger III moderate, its width 31.0– 42.3% of eye diameter; (15) in life, dorsum green with small dark flecks; bones green; (16) in preservative, dorsum lavender with dark flecks; (17) iris grayish white with a fine dark reticulation; (18) melanophores covering dorsal surface of Fingers III and IV, absent from Fingers I and II; (19) males call from the upper side of leaves; single and double note advertisement call of 0.10– 0.15 s duration, emphasized frequency of 4640– 5160 Hz ( Zimmerman & Bogart 1984 ); (20) fighting behavior unknown; (21) eggs deposited on the upper- or underside of leaves ( Lima et al. , 2005 ); parental care unknown; (22) tadpoles unknown; (23) in adult males, SVL 17.1–20.1 mm (= 18.8 ± 1.250, n = 6); in two adult females, SVL 19.8–19.9 mm ; Lima et al. (2005) provide the following data for the species in central Amazonia: SVL in males 17–21 mm , in females 21–24 mm .