Bioacoustics of Sarcohyla toyota

Description of holotype . Adult male, 29.8 mm SVL; head broad and wider than body; top of head flat; HL 10.2 mm ; HW 9.7 mm ; head longer than wide, cephalic index 1.05; HL/SVL ratio 0.34; nostrils protuberant, oval, directed horizontally; snout truncate in dorsal profile with no distinct rostral keel ( Fig. 1B ); snout short and truncate in lateral profile ( Fig. 1A ); canthus moderately angular; loreal region concave; lips thick and barely flared; ED 4.0 mm; ELW 2.4 mm ; IOD 5.7 mm ; IND 2.4 mm ; END 2.7 mm ; ETD 2.1 mm ; tympanum small, round and indistinct, TW 0.8 mm ; TW/ED ratio 0.2; supratympanic fold from eye, above tympanum and down to above arm insertion, barely covers upper edge of tympanum; HaL 9.7 mm ; fingers long, 3FL 6.8 mm , 4FL 4.9 mm , 3FL/SVL ratio 0.23; finger lengths 1 <2 <4 <3; fingers with vestigial webbing, hand webbing formula: I 3-3 II 3-3 III 2 ⅘-2¾ IV ; finger discs large, 3FPW 1.9 mm , 3FPW/3FW ratio 2.1; 4FPW 1.8 mm , 4FPW/4FW ratio 1.9, 4FPW/TW ratio 2.3; prepollex enlarged, bifid, covered with nuptial excrescenses consisting of minute spinules on prepollex and thumb; subarticular tubercles large, bifid; indistinct supernumerary pustules rounded; palmar tubercle bifid; dermal fold on wrist; UaL 6.4 mm ; FaL 7.1 mm ; tubercles on ventrolateral edge of forearm in row, interrupted, not forming a continuous fold; FL 14.2 mm ; toes long, 3TL 6.7 mm , 4TL 8.9 mm , 4TL/SVL ratio 0.28; toe lengths 1<2<3<5<4; toes about half webbed, foot webbing formula: I 2 ½-2½ II 1 ½-2¾ III 2 ½-2½ IV 2-1 ¾ V ; toe discs large, 4TPW 1.7 mm , 4TPW/4TW ratio 1.8, 4TPW/TW ratio 2.1; toe subarticular tubercles moderately large, round, not bifid: indistinct supernumerary pustules rounded; inner metatarsal tubercle distinct, moderately rounded; outer metatarsal tubercle present, small, rounded in shape; low tarsal fold present but indistinct; a row of slightly raised tubercles on tarsus; FeL 13.4 mm ; TL 15.1 mm ; TaL 8.3 mm ; tibio-tarsal articulation extends to anterior portion of eye; cloacal opening directed postero-ventrally; cloacal sheath moderately long, grooved medially; no transverse fold above cloacal opening; six large pale yellow tubercles on posterior surface of thigh and below level of cloacal opening. Skin on dorsum smooth; lateral skin shagreen; skin on venter of head shagreen, ventral skin of body and thighs granular. No axillary membrane. Dentigerous processes of prevomers large and postero-medially inclined between two moderate-sized ovoid choanae. Vocal slits present, large, extending from median part of tongue to angle of jaw. Vocal sac single, median, subgular and moderately distensible. Pupil horizontal. Color of holotype in life: Dorsum of head, body and limbs yellowish brown, mottled with indistinct blotches of darker brown; no iridescent green spots or blotches present; flanks bright yellow; pale brown blotches present on snout and lips; continuous dark brown dorso-lateral stripe extending from behind eye through tympanum and along flank to groin, equally dark brown blotches on flank above brown dorso-lateral stripe; no inter-orbital bar; no barring on limbs ( Figs. 1A, 1B, 1C ). Lower portions of head and throat pale yellow; chest and abdomen white and yellow with bold dark gray and brown marbling on entire chest and abdomen, with no flesh colored skin present; ventral coloration of limbs yellowish-orange. Iris coppery brown. Color of holotype in preservative: Dorsum of head and body gray with dark brown indistinct blotches, dorsal surfaces of limbs beige; flanks gray with dark brown marbling; venter white to cream, with dark gray marbling; throat white; ventral surfaces of limbs beige ( Figs. 2A, 2B ). Variation. The morphometric variation of the type series is summarized in Table 2 . Variation in color as follows: four specimens with yellow or yellowish brown dorsal coloration, one tan, one darker brown with yellow highlights; varying degrees of dark gray and brown marbling on venter; three paratypes with abundant yellow coloration on venter, three with sparse yellow ventral coloration ( Figs. 3 A–3E); 6–13 tubercles present below cloacal opening. Advertisement call. Male advertisement call consisting of single two–three pulse note sounding like rapid “crehk-crehk-crehk”, with length about 17–20 milliseconds repeated about every 5 seconds in call group ( Fig. 7 ). Call groups may consist of 3–6 notes, however due to relatively low volume of call and tendency to call from above fast-flowing water it is difficult to discern how many different individuals are calling at a given time. The call has a dominant frequency of 4.75 kHz. The call is only moderately loud, and can be heard over the sound of the fast flowing water.