Bioacoustics of Rohdea brachyanthera

Distribution and habitat: —The new species is occasionally found in Tianjingshan, Nanling National Nature Reserve, Northern Guangdong . And it is also found in Mangshan National Nature Reserve, the northern slope of the Nanling Mountains, Yizhang, Chenzhou, Southern Hunan . It grows along moist ditches in Castanopsis eyrei forests on hillsides at an altitude of 700–800 meters. On the forest floor it coexists with species such as Psychotria asiatica , Blastus cochichinensis , Ardisia quinquegona , A. crenata , Maesa salicifolia , Lophatherum gracile , Hemigramma decurrens , Cibotium barometz , Lindsaea orbiculata . Taxonomic relationships: —In Rohdea , many species have an appendage at apex of perianth tube. These species can be divided into three forms, based on the difference in the position of the stamens and appendages. The first form is that the appendages are completely under the filaments, such as R. verruculosa ( Chen 1987: 69 ) Tanaka (2003: 332) , R. medogensis H.Z. Feng & Q.W. Lin in Feng et al. (2022: 91) and R. harderi N. Tanaka, D.P. Hannon & Averyanov in Tanaka et al. (2018: 2) . The second form is that the filaments are completely hidden under the appendages, such as R. urotepala Handel-Mazzetti (1920: 272) , R. lichuanensis (Y.K. Yang, J.K. Wu & D.T. Peng in Wang et al. 1991:40 ) Yamashita & Tamura (2004: 369) and R. rotiformis H.Z. Feng in Feng et al. (2023: 111) . Rohdea fargesii var. tsinlingensis ( Fig. 2 ). The new species differs from the above forms in that its stamens and appendages are in the same position and filaments are separated by the appendages. R. brachyanthera is somewhat similar to R. fargesii var. tsinlingensis in having the stamens and appendages are in the same position, but clearly distinguishable mainly by the perianth lobes and tube smooth (vs. densely with whitish lamellae), the appendage ring-shaped and succulent, swell outward, surface smooth (vs. minute vertical coroniform, surface with whitish lamellae). Appendages are traceable in the evolution of Rohdea fargesii , in R. fargesii var. fargesii the filaments decurrent parts on tube usually dilated and united with adjacent ones, only forming small protuberance at each junction ( Tanaka 2010 ). In R. fargesii var. tsinlingensis the protuberances are more pronounced than R. fargesii var. fargesii and forming vertical coroniform appendages. In R. brachyanthera the appendages form a conspicuous fleshy ring, swell outward and the base of the filament dilated and triangular, united with the appendages. In Nanling area, we also collected some robust specimens, the leaves reaching 80 cm long and 10 cm broad and floral bracts are usually prominently exceeding the flowers. It should be corresponded to R. watanabei Hayata (1915: 236) ( Figs. 3 & 4 ) (= Campylandra kwangtungensis Dandy 1933: 127 ; Tupistra heensis Wan & Lu 1987: 81 ), a synonym of R. fargesii var. fargesii (Wang & Tang 1978, Tanaka 2010 ). The new species is somewhat similar to R. watanabei , but the difference is that the filaments of the latter are obvious; the bases of the filaments dilated and united with adjacent ones and form wavy bulges. In having triangular filaments, the new species may also look similar to R. pachynema (F.T. Wang & Tang 1949: 18 ) N. Tanaka (2010: 35) known from western Sichuan , China , but is evidently distinct chiefly in the latter has long slender subterranean stolons and without annular appendages at the top of the perianth tube. Other specimens examined:— Rohdea japonica . CHINA . Guangdong . Dong’an, S.S. Hu 0609 (HUFD0001711, image!). Guangxi . Fuchuan, Fuchuan Exped. 451123180913036LY (IBK00424435!); Fuchuan Exped. 451123180424011LY (IBK00424434, image!). Quanzhou, J.X. Zhong 81596 (IBK00139296!). Xing’an, Xing’an Exped. 450325160421008LY (GXMG0123043, image!). Ziyuan, Ziyuan Exped. 450329150913018LY (IBK00408224, image!). Hunan . Xinning, Anonymous 496 (PE01570353!). Rohdea fargesii . CHINA . Guangdong . Leshan, N . K . Chun 42552 ( PE00593184 !). Riuyuan, X. P . Gao 53574 ( PE00593188 !); X. P . Gao 54176 ( PE00593183 !) . Guangxi . Hezhou, C . Y . Zou, J.L. Li, W.J. Liu, X.F. Song, J.Y. Zhao & Q.Y. Lu GPS180725001 ( CSFI075112 !). Ziyuan, Ziyuan Exped. 450329151024077 LY ( GXMG0172757 , image!). Guanyan, Guangyang Exped. 450327151021048 LY ( IBK00403489 , image!). Xing’an , S . L . Yu 900167 ( IBK00139378 , image!) . Hunan . Dongan, X . Li, J , Yang, C.F. Deng 19052120 ( CSFI068739 !). Chenbu, X. L . Yu, K.Z. Huang & T.R. Cao 1084 ( CSFI054490 !); L . Wu, W.J Liu & C.F. Deng 10461 ( CSFI072354 !). Xingning , Y . B . Luo 2524 ( PE00593191 , image!). Yizhang , L . Wu, X . Li, A . Liu & W.J. Liu 8502 ( CSFI066837 !) . Rohdea watanabei . CHINA . Guangdong . Lianzhou , H . Z . Feng 833 . Ruyuan, X. P . Gao 53972 ( IBK00300297 , image!; PE00593181 !; SN014108 , image!). Qujiang, X. P . Gao 50524 ( Isotype of Campylandra kwangtungensis , IBSC 0005318!). Ruyuan, X. P . Gao 54196 ( SZ00084210 , image!) . Jiangxi . Jiangxi Exped. 276 ( PE00593099 !) . Rohdea wattii . CHINA . Guangxi . Gongcheng, Gongcheng Exped. 450332151016040LY (IBK00377716, image!). Guangyang, Guangyang Exped. 450327151021048LY (GXMG0173692, image!). Lingchuan, Lingchuan Exped. 450323130129064LY (IBK00400065, image!). Longsheng, Y.C. Chen 1275 (IBK00146780, image!). Rong’an, Rongan Exped. 450224180905019LY (GXMG0210966, image!). Yongfu, Yongfu Exped. 450326130325040LY (GXMG0152645, image!).