Bioacoustics of Pestalotiopsis abietis

Etymology :— abietis , named after the host Abies fargesii Asexual morph : Conidiomata pycnidial in culture on PDA, globose, scattered or gregarious and confluent, semi-immersed, dark brown, 100–650 μm diam. Conidiophores often reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells discrete ampulliform to lageniform, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline, with 1–2 proliferations, sometimes remain vegetative. Conidia 19.9–31.2 × 5.8–8.0 μm ( x = 24.0 × 6.8 μm), fusiform, straight to slightly curved, 4–septate, basal cell conic to obconic, hyaline or slightly olivaceous, thin and verruculose, 2.4–8 μm long ( x = 4.7 μm), with three median cells, doliform, concolourous, olivaceous, septa and periclinal walls darker than the rest of the cell, together 11.4–17.6 μm long ( x = 14.8 μm) second cell from base 3.5–6.4 μm ( x = 5 μm); third cell 3.8–6.1 μm ( x = 4.9 μm); fourth cell 4– 5.8 μm ( x = 4.9 μm); apical cell hyaline, conic, 2.4–6 μm long ( x = 4.3 μm); with 1–3 tubular apical appendages (mainly 3), arising from the apex of the apical cell, 7.6–20.6 μm long ( x = 14.1 μm); basal appendage 1.3–5.2 μm long. Species Isolate Host/Substrate Location GenBank Accessions numbers ITS TUB TEF References Neopestalotiopsis magna MFLUCC 12-652* Pteridium sp. France KF582795 KF582793 KF582791 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014a N. keteleeria MFLUCC 13-0915 living leaves of Keteleeria pubescens China KJ503820 KJ503821 KJ503822 Song et al. 2014 Pestalotiopsis abietis CFCC 53011 Abies fargesii China MK397013 MK622280 MK622277 This study CFCC 53012 Abies fargesii China MK397014 MK622281 MK622278 This study CFCC 53013 Abies fargesii China MK397015 MK622282 MK622279 This study P. adusta ICMP 6088* refrigerator door Fiji JX399006 JX399037 JX399070 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012 MFLUCC 10-146 Syzygium sp. Thailand JX399007 JX399038 JX399071 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012 P. aggestorum LC6301* Camellia sinensis China KX895015 KX895348 KX895234 Liu et al. 2017 LC8186 Camellia sinensis China KY464140 KY464160 KY464150 Liu et al. 2017 P. anacardiacearum IFRDCC 2397* Mangifera indica China KC247154 KC247155 KC247156 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. arceuthobii CBS 434.65* Arceuthobium campylopodum USA KM199341 KM199427 KM199516 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. arenga CBS 331.92* Arenga undulatifolia Singapore KM199340 KM199426 KM199515 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. australasia CBS 114126* Knightia sp. New Zealand KM199297 KM199409 KM199499 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b CBS 114141 Protea sp. New South Wales KM199298 KM199410 KM199501 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. australis CBS 111503 Protea neriifolia × susannae cv. “Pink Ice” South Africa KM199331 KM199382 KM199557 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b CBS 114193* Grevillea sp. New South Wales KM199332 KM199383 KM199475 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. biciliata CBS 124463* Platanus × hispanica Slovakia KM199308 KM199399 KM199505 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b CBS 236.38 Paeonia sp. Italy KM199309 KM199401 KM199506 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. brachiata KLC2998* Camellia sp. China KX894933 KX895265 KX895150 Liu et al. 2017 LC8188 Camellia sp. China KY464142 KY464162 KY464152 Liu et al. 2017 LC8189 Camellia sp. China KY464143 KY464163 KY464153 Liu et al. 2017 P. brassicae CBS 170.26* Brassica napus New Zealand KM199379 NA KM199558 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. camelliae MFLUCC 12-0277* Camellia japonica China JX399010 JX399041 JX399074 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012 LC7888 Camellia sinensis China KX895033 KX895366 KX895251 Liu et al. 2017 P. chamaeropis CBS 186.71* Chamaerops humilis Italy KM199326 KM199391 KM199473 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b LC3619 Camellia sp. China KX894991 KX895322 KX895208 Liu et al. 2017 P. clavata MFLUCC 12-0268* Buxus sp. China JX398990 JX399025 JX399056 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012 P. colombiensis CBS 118553* Eucalyptus eurograndis Colombia KM199307 KM199421 KM199488 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. digitalis MFLU 14–0208* Digitalis purpurea New Zealand KP781879 KP781883 NA Liu et al. 2015 P. dilucida LC3232* Camellia sinensis China KX894961 KX895293 KX895178 Liu et al. 2017 LC8184 Camellia sinensis China KY464138 KY464158 KY464148 Liu et al. 2017 ......continued on the next page Species Isolate Host/Substrate Location GenBank Accessions numbers ITS TUB TEF References CBS 115587* Diploclisia glaucescens China KM199320 KM199419 KM199486 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. diversiseta MFLUCC 12-0287* Rhododendron sp. China JX399009 JX399040 JX399073 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012 P. dracontomelon MFLU 14–0207* Dracontomelon dao Thailand NA NA KP781880 Liu et al. 2015 P. ericacearum IFRDCC 2439* Rhododendron delavayi China KC537807 KC537821 KC537814 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2013 P. furcata MFLUCC 12-0054* Camellia sinensis Thailand JQ683724 JQ683708 JQ683740 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012 LC6691 Camellia sinensis China KX895030 KX895363 KX895248 Liu et al. 2017 P. gaultheria IFRD 411-014* Gaultheria forrestii China KC537805 KC537819 KC537812 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2013 P. grevilleae CBS 114127* Grevillea sp. Australia KM199300 KM199407 KM199504 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. hawaiiensis CBS 114491* Leucospermum sp. Hawaii KM199339 KM199428 KM199514 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. hollandica CBS 265.33* Sciadopitys verticillata Netherlands KM199328 KM199388 KM199481 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. humus CBS 115450 Ilex cinerea China KM199319 KM199418 KM199487 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b CBS 336.97* soil Papua New Guinea KM199317 KM199420 KM199484 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. inflexa MFLUCC 12-0270* unidentified tree China JX399008 JX399039 JX399072 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012 P. intermedia MFLUCC 12-0259* unidentified tree China JX398993 JX399028 JX399059 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012 P. italiana MFLU 14–0214* Cupressus glabra Italy KP781878 KP781882 KP781881 Liu et al. 2015 P. jesteri CBS 109350* Fragraea bodenii Papua New Guinea KM199380 KM199468 KM199554 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. jiangxiensis LC4242 Eurya sp. China KX895035 KX895327 KX895213 Liu et al. 2017 LC4399* Camellia sp. China KX895009 KX895341 KX895227 Liu et al. 2017 P. jinchanghensis LC6636* Camellia sinensis China KX895028 KX895361 KX895247 Liu et al. 2017 LC8190 Camellia sinensis China KY464144 KY464164 KY464154 Liu et al. 2017 P. kenyana CBS 442.67* Coffea sp. Kenya KM199302 KM199395 KM199502 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b LC6633 Camellia sinensis China KX895027 KX895360 KX895246 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. knightia CBS 111963 Knightia sp. New Zealand KM199311 KM199406 KM199495 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b CBS 114138* Knightia sp. New Zealand KM199310 KM199408 KM199497 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. licualacola HGUP 4057* Licuala grandis China KC492509 KC481683 KC481684 Geng et al. 2013 P. linearis MFLUCC 12-0271* Trachelospermum sp. China JX398992 JX399027 JX399058 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012 P. longiappendiculata LC3013* Camellia sinensis China KX894939 KX895271 KX895156 Liu et al. 2017 P. lushanensis LC4344* Camellia sp. China KX895005 KX895337 KX895223 Liu et al. 2017 LC8182 Camellia sp. China KY464136 KY464156 KY464146 Liu et al. 2017 LC8183 Camellia sp. China KY464137 KY464157 KY464147 Liu et al. 2017 P. macadamiae BRIP 63738b* Macadamia integrifolia Australia KX186588 KX186680 KX186621 Akinsanmi et al. 2017 ......continued on the next page Species Isolate Host/Substrate Location GenBank Accessions numbers References ITS TUB TEF BRIP 63739b Macadamia integrifolia Australia KX186587 KX186679 KX186620 Akinsanmi et al. 2017 BRIP 63741a Macadamia integrifolia Australia KX186586 KX186678 KX186619 Akinsanmi et al. 2017 P. malayana CBS 102220* Macaranga triloba Malaysia KM199306 KM199411 KM199482 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. monochaeta CBS 144.97* Quercus robur Netherlands KM199327 KM199386 KM199479 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b CBS 440.83 Taxus baccata Netherlands KM199329 KM199387 KM199480 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. novaehollandiae CBS 130973* Banksia grandis Australia KM199337 KM199425 KM199511 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. oryza CBS 111522 Telopea sp. USA KM199294 KM199394 KM199493 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b CBS 171.26 NA Italy KM199304 KM199397 KM199494 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b CBS 353.69* Oryza sativa Denmark KM199299 KM199398 KM199496 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. papuana CBS 331.96* coastal soil Papua New Guinea KM199321 KM199413 KM199491 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b CBS 887.96 Cocos nucifera Papua New Guinea KM199318 KM199415 KM199492 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. parva CBS 265.37* Delonix regia NA KM199312 KM199404 KM199508 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b CBS 278.35 Leucothoe fontanesiana NA KM199313 KM199405 KM199509 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. portugalica CBS 393.48* NA Portugal KM199335 KM199422 KM199510 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b LC4324 Camellia chekiangoleosa China KX895001 KX895333 KX895219 Liu et al. 2017 P. rhododendri IFRDCC 2399* Rhododendron sinogrande China KC537804 KC537818 KC537811 Zhang et al. 2013 P. rhodomyrtus HGUP4230 Rhodomyrtus tomentosa China KF412648 KF412642 KF412645 Song et al. 2013 LC3413 Camellia sinensis China KX894981 KX895313 KX895198 Liu et al. 2017 LC4458 Camellia sinensis China KX895010 KX895342 KX895228 Liu et al. 2017 P. rosea MFLUCC 12-0258* Pinus sp. China JX399005 JX399036 JX399069 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012 P. scoparia CBS 176.25* Chamaecyparis sp. NA KM199330 KM199393 KM199478 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. sequoiae MFLUCC 13-0399* Sequoia sempervirens Italy KX572339 NA NA Li et al. 2016 P. spathulata CBS 356.86* Gevuina avellana Chile KM199338 KM199423 KM199513 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. telopeae CBS 114137 Protea sp. Australia KM199301 KM199469 KM199559 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b CBS 114161* Telopea sp. Australia KM199296 KM199403 KM199500 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b CBS 113606 Telopea sp. Australia KM199295 KM199402 KM199498 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b P. trachicarpicola IFRDCC 2403 Podocarpus macrophyllus China KC537809 KC537823 KC537816 Zhang et al. 2013 LC4523 Camellia sinensis China KX895011 KX895344 KX895230 Liu et al. 2017 ......continued on the next page Species Isolate Host/Substrate Location GenBank Accessions numbers ITS TUB TEF References OP068* Trachycarpus fortunei China JQ845947 JQ845945 JQ845946 Zhang et al. 2012 P. unicolor MFLUCC 12-0276* Rhododendron sp. China JX398999 JX399030 NA Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012 MFLUCC 12-0275 unidentified tree China JX398998 JX399029 JX399063 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012 P. verruculosa MFLUCC 12-0274* Rhododendron sp. China JX398996 NA JX399061 Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012 P. yanglingensis LC4553* Camellia sinensis China KX895012 KX895345 KX895231 Liu et al. 2017 LC3412 Camellia sinensis China KX894980 KX895312 KX895197 Liu et al. 2017 P. yunnanensis HMAS 96359* Podocarpus macrophyllus China AY373375 NA NA Wei et al. 2013 The ex-type strains are marked with *, and NA means not available. Culture characteristics: —Colonies on PDA attaining 25–45 mm diam after 7 d at 25 °C, with smooth edge, whitish, with sparse aerial mycelium on the surface with black, gregarious conidiomata; reverse similar in color. Materials examined: — CHINA , Shaanxi Prov. , Ningshan County , Qinling Mountain , Huoditang forest park, 33°26’7”N 108°26’48”E , 1570 m a.s.l. , on needles of Abies fargesii , N. Jiang & C.M. Tian , 3 July 2018 ( Holotype BJFC-S1584 , ex-type CFCC 53011 ; ibid. living culture CFCC 53012 and CFCC 53013 ) . Notes: —This new species is introduced as molecular data showed it to be distinct, which is also supported by morphological traits. In the phylogram, P. abietis appears most closely related to P. parva . However, P. parva has shorter conidia compared with P. abietis (16.5–20 μm in P. parva vs. 19.9–31.2 μm in P. abietis ) ( Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014b ). Therefore, we confirmed that P. abietis could be described as a new taxon.