Bioacoustics of Magnolia calcarea

Conservation status · Plazi

Conservation status. Manglietia calcarea X. H. Song was noted in 2018 as “ not yet assessed ” on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Four years later, it could no longer be located there under either its own name or as a variety or synonym of Magnolia fordiana (IUCN 2022) , as is also the case now ( IUCN 2026 ). However, it had previously been assessed by Chinese authorities as Vulnerable: VU ( Ministry of Environmental Protection & Chinese Academy of Sciences 2014 ) and subsequently under IUCN Red List criteria as VU D 2 ( Qin et al. 2017 : 725). Manglietia calcarea possibly justifies an endangered classification, having been previously recorded as Endangered 28 years ago ( Zou 2001 : 48; Huang and Zou 2002 : 172) and again a decade later ( Linghu et al. 2012 ), as had also occurred for the sporadic but more widely distributed Manglietia aromatica which was classified as Endangered 34 years ago ( Jin et al. 1992 : 430) and is presently classified as Endangered C 2 a (i) on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species ( IUCN 2026 ).

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Type · Plazi

Type. China . Guizhou Province • Libo County , Mogan , alt. 670 m , 30 Apr. 1983 , fl, Song Xiang-hou & Gao Feng 640 . holotype : NF ( HNIF )! isotypes : IBSC n. v. Paratypes . Libo County • alt. 790 m , no date, Song Xiang-hou 1211 . NF ( HNIF ) n. v. • Libo County , Dongting village , alt. 750 m , 11 Aug. 1982 , Song Xiang-hou & Gao Guang-wen 298 . IBSC 0116488 n. v. NF ( HNIF ) n. v. • Dushan County , Shuiyao (Sweiyao) , alt. 640 m , 3 Apr. 1983 , Song Xiang-hou 1344 . NF ( HNIF ) n. v. holotype image below accessed 20 Mar. 2019 : holotype ( NF ): http://www.docin.com/p-1050989203.html ( Sima 2011 : 310, photo 2–33). isotypes ( IBSC ): Specimen images not uploaded to CVH at 6 Nov. 2022 . paratypes ( IBSC ) and ( NF ): specimen images not uploaded to CVH at 18 Mar. 2026 .

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Note 1 · Plazi

Note 1. Manglietia calcarea X. H. Song was made a variety of M. fordiana Oliv. in Chen & Nooteboom, wherein specimen J. Cavalerie & J. J. Fortunat 2263 actually represents the type of Michelia cavaleriei Finet & Gagnep. from Guizhou , although one of the two isotype specimens at Kew herbarium was determined by both Dandy and subsequently by B. L. Chen in May 1990 as Manglietia insignis . Chen returned a month later and re-identified the same specimen as Michelia cavaleriei (?). There are two other labels attached to the specimen sheet at Kew incorrectly identifying this specimen as Michelia cavaleriei , or more plausible, either these labels or the specimen, have, at some time, been transposed. http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/getImage.do?imageBarcode=K000681457 [acc: 20 Mar. 2019 ] The above Kew specimen is apparently one of the two specimens listed under M. fordiana var. calcarea in Chen and Nooteboom (1993: 1040).

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Note 3 · Plazi

Note 3. Besides the differences compiled in Table 4 , the distribution of Manglietia calcarea and M. aromatica are geographically isolated, with M. calcarea occurring from 640–820 m only in southern Guizhou , whereas M. aromatica occurs at higher altitudes of between 900–1400 m in six counties of Guizhou ( Yang and Fang 2002 : 22) and in adjacent SE Yunnan , as well as 850–1600 m in SW Guangxi and additionally the karst region of Huanjiang County, northern Guangxi ( Peng 2013 ). M. aromatica is not recorded for northern Guangxi in Flora of China , as is also the case for central-southern Yunnan where it occurs somewhere between 2200–2380 m on the eastern flank of Ailao Mountain within the 46666 ha Honghe Nature Reserve in Yuanjiang County ( Li 2008 : 40). The more widespread M. fordiana compared in Table 5 occurs between 500–1300 m and is found in the previously mentioned provinces plus numerous others ( Grimshaw and Bayton 2009 : 490). Plant feature Manglietia calcarea Manglietia aromatica life form medium-sized tree to 17 m high 2 very large tree to 42 m high 6 trunk diameter to 35 cm (to 58 cm 2 ) to 140 cm 9 (to 197 cm 6 ) leaf shape obovate-elliptic or obovate-lanceolate oblanceolate-oblong to oblanceolate 9 leaf dimensions 17–20 × 6–8 cm. See Fig. 9 , page 60 15–19 × 6–7 cm 6, 8 leaf apex rounded with tapering point short acuminate or subacuminate leaf base narrowly decurrent cuneate, occasionally slightly unequal lateral leaf vein pairs 14–17 12–16 10 petiole length 2.8–3.8 cm 1.5–2.5 cm 8 stipular scars 4–5 mm 4–12 mm 10 stipule indumentum densely pubescent 3 glabrous 8 flower peduncle 5–8 (– 20) × 5–6 mm 1 ca. 12 × 4–5 mm 5 tepal number 9 11–12 tepal colour white, lilac lower half outside pale green outer 3 tepals shape obovate-elliptic, apex rounded narrowly ovate-oblong 9 outer 3 tepals dimensions ca. 6.2 × 2.5 cm 7–11 × 3.5–5 cm 6 stamen length ca. 12 mm 15–18 mm 7 gynoecium shape elliptic-ovoid ovoid (ovoid-globose 7 ) immature carpels number 12–16 (rarely more) 29–39 5 ovule number ca. 7 1 3–4 10 fruit peduncle dimensions 10–15 mm (ca. 9–11 × 6 mm 1 ) 13–19 × 6–12 mm 5 fruit aggregate shape ovoid-globose subglobose or ovoid-globose fruit aggregate dimensions ca. 6 cm long × 5 cm diameter 7–8 cm diameter 9 seed shape oblong broadly ellipsoid seed dimensions ca. 8–10 × 5–6 mm 10–12 × 7–8 mm 5 flowering period April – May 4 (expanding flower-bud on April 12 at Fig. 4. page 14) May – June 9 fruiting period August – September 4 September – October 9 Note: The listed features of Manglietia calcarea are cited from Song (1984 : 46), supplemented by Chen and Nooteboom (1993 : 1040) 1 , Deng and Yang (2015 : 45) 2 , Liu (2007 ) 3 and Sima (2011 : 97) 4 . Those of Manglietia aromatica are from Dandy (1931 : 231), supplemented by Chen and Nooteboom (1993 : 1034) 5 , Deng and Yang (2015 : 42) 6 , Fu and Jin (1992 : 430) 7 , Law (1996 : 94) 8 , Liu et al. (2004 : 124) 9 , and Tiê ṕ (1980 : 536 or 567) 10 . Plant feature Manglietia calcarea Manglietia fordiana life form medium-sized tree to 17 m high 2 medium-sized tree to 20 m high 7 (to 22 m 8, 11 or 25 m 9 ) trunk diameter to 35 cm to 45 cm 9 twig indumentum glabrous at all stages 1 rufous pilose, later glabrous 7 leaf texture papery or thinly leathery in patches leathery 7 leaf shape obovate-elliptic or obovate-lanceolate narrowly obovate, narrowly elliptic-obovate or oblanceolate 7 leaf dimensions to 20 × 8 cm to 20 × 6 cm 5 (to 20 × 8 cm 10 ) leaf apex rounded with tapering point short-acute with obtuse mucro 7 leaf base narrowly decurrent cuneate, decurrent along petioles 7 lateral leaf veins 14–17 pairs 8–12 pairs 6 petiole length 2.8–3.8 cm 1–3 cm 6 stipular scars 4–5 mm 3–4 mm (2–6 mm 10 ) flower peduncle 5–8 (– 20) × 5–6 mm 1 6–11 × 6–10 mm 6 tepal colour white, lilac lower half outside entirely pure white tepal shape (outer 3) obovate-elliptic, apex rounded oblong-elliptic tepal dimensions ca. 6.2 × 2.5 cm (outer 3) 6–7 × 3–4 cm 7 (outer 3) stamen length ca. 12 mm 9–12 mm 4 gynoecium shape elliptic-ovoid ovoid to subglobose 4 immature carpels 12–16 (rarely more) 23–30 6 (25–30 10 ) ovule number ca. 7 1 8–10 6 (8–12 10 ) fruit aggregate shape ovoid-globose ovoid fruit aggregate size ca. 6 cm long × 5 cm diameter 2–5 cm long 7 seed shape oblong. ovoid or broadly ovoid seed dimensions ca. 8–10 × 5–6 mm 6–9 × 5–8 mm 10 flowering period April – May 3 (expanding flower-bud on April 12 at Fig. 4, page 14) May 7 fruiting period August – September 3 October 7 Note: The listed features of Manglietia calcarea are cited from Song (1984 : 46), supplemented by Chen and Nooteboom (1993 : 1040) 1 , Deng and Yang (2015 : 45) 2 and Sima (2011 : 97) 3 . Those of M. fordiana are from Oliver (1891 : Pl. 1953), supplemented by Chen and Nooteboom (1993 : 1039) 4 , Dandy (1928 c : 127) 5 , Law (1996 : 105) 6 , Liu et al. (2004 : 138) 7 , Peng (2008 : 84) 8 , Sutton (2022 ) 9 , Tiê ṕ (1980 : 538) 10 and Yang et al. (2016 : 161) 11

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