Bioacoustics of Macaca maura

Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Moor Macaque lives in multimale-multifemale groups. Group sizes are 15-40 individuals, with an adult sex ratio of males to females of 1:0-5-2-7. Males emigrate from their natal groups at 7-9 years of age. Females form linear dominance hierarchies, but they have relaxed relationships characterized by low levels of intense aggression, bidirectionality when agonistic behavior occurs (either female in a dyad may initiate the interaction), and frequent post-conflict affiliative contacts. Social tolerance among adult males has also been reported. Adult males (typically the highest ranked) emit a birdlike vocalization called a “loud call.” These calls are given when group members are dispersed, following stimuli such as agonistic interactions or vocalizations from other group members, but not during intergroup interactions. Home range size is 20-30 ha, and ranges often overlap with those of neighboring groups. Data from the group in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park indicate that intergroup encounters occur, on average, every 28-8 hours. Males, rather than females, appear to be the primary participants. Presence of sexually receptive females is not related to frequency of intergroup encounters. Densities are 25-50 ind/km?®. The well-studied population that lives in Karaenta Nature Reserve in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park reached a density of 70 ind/km?* by 1998.